2021-02-22 ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด U – use & used & used to
2021-02-22
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด U – use & used & used to
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ความหมาย อาจผันแปร ตาม ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง use – verb = ‘YOOZ’ – noun = ‘YOOS’
ออกเสียง used = ‘YOOZD’
ออกเสียง used to
Dictionary.com
“Use To” vs. “Used To”: What’s The Difference?
Remember as kids
when we used to look forward to summer break every year?
Unfortunately, as we get older,
we don’t have this mandated chunk of time off from work every year.
But did we use to count down the days until school was out?
Or did we used to look forward to the last day of school each year?
Despite the minor difference—literally just one letter
—used to and use to are different.
But given how similar they are,
it’s understandable why the decision to add that D can be so confusing.
The phrase “used to” is a strange one.
This unusual construction is a past habitual marker.
As linguist John H. McWhorter points out in the Lexicon Valley podcast, “used to” is tricky because it isn’t about utilizing something.
Instead, it’s about somethingyou did habitually in the past.
How do you use used to?
This phrase used to refers to
something you’re familiar withor accustomed to.
So, if there’s something that
always happened
or has become customary,it would be used to.
For example:
I’m used to sleeping with the lights on because I always fall asleep while reading.
Or, She‘s used to my cooking and rarely complains anymore.
Then, there’s the version of use as a verb that refers to a habitual action—that is, actions frequently done as a habit. For example: she used to go to the library every day after school. Or I used to eat an apple on the way to school every morning.
This use is exclusively used in the past tense
to express this action that no longer happens.
So, if you’re trying to say
that the service was always greatat the restaurant,
you’d rely on used to and not use to.
But we’ll get into that even more below.
One of the challenges of use, as we’ve already seen,
is that is such a useful and highly used verb.
As a noun and verb, use is recorded in early Middle English,
and ultimately derives via French from the Latin ?sus
(“act of using a thing”) and ?t? (“to use”).
Use today is commonly used in the sense of utilize,
which shares its Latin rootswith use.
Historically, use had a number of senses
that have fallen out of, well, use or familiarity today.
One of themis “to practice habitually or customarily; make a practice of,” a sense which in part survives in the tricky construction used to.
How do you use use to?
It may helpto remember that the majority of the time,
the correct optionis used to and not use to.
However, there’s one exception to the rule:
if the auxiliary forms did/didn’t is in the sentence,
you would choose use to and not used to.
For example:
- Didn’t she use to play the flute?
- Did the doctor’s office use to be there?
So here’s a question:
is this example below correct?
- I use to go to the store.
Although it maysound right, it isn’t.
So why do we say it?
Where some people fall into trouble
is that use to might sound correct to the ear.
This could be because
the sounds of D followed by T tend to blend together,
and we process it as one unit “useto” or “useta.”
So. people have gotten used to hearing use to (see what we did there).
So even if
Their dad use to cook dinner nightly sounds right, in formal, standard writing
this example should read Their dad used to cook dinner.
Expressions have also made use to seem more common.
Although used to is a construction
for something that’s accustomed or habituated to,
“of no use to” is, too.
For example:
it’s of no use to offer help when she clearly doesn’t want it.
Here, use is being used as a noun followed by an infinitive verb.
We know with enough practice, though, you’ll get used to using used to correctly.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Choose the Right Synonym for use
Verb
mean to put into service, especially to attain an end.
USE implies availing oneself of something as a means or instrumentto an end.
willing to use any means to achieve her ends
EMPLOY suggests the use of a person or thing that is available butidle, inactive, or disengaged.
looking for better ways to employ their skills
UTILIZE may suggest the discovery of a new, profitable, or practical use for something.
an old wooden bucket utilized as a planter
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language,
Usage Note:
The verb use is used in the past tense with an infinitive to indicate a past condition or habitual practice:
We used to live in that house.
Because the -d in used has merged with the t of to
and is not pronounced in these constructions,
people sometimes mistakenly leave it out when writing.
Thus, it is incorrect to write We use to play tennis.
When do occurs with this form of use
in negative statements and in questions,
the situation is reversed, and use to (not used to) is correct:
You did not use to play on that team. Didn't she use to work for your company?
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Usage Notes
Is It 'Used To' or 'Use To'?
You'll get used to it
What to Know
Used to refers to something familiar or routine,
as in "I'm used to getting up early for work,"
or to say that something repeatedly happened in the past
like "we used to go out more."
Use to typically occurs with did; "did you use to work there?"
or "it didn't use to be like that,"
describingsomething in the past that doesn't happen anymore.
Use was once commonly employed as an intransitive verb
meaning "to be in the habit or custom":
The English then using to let grow on their upper-lip large Mustachio's...
—John Milton, The History of Britain, 1670
Though 'use' was once commonly used to mean "to be in the habit or custom," this sense now only occurs in the past tense: 'used to'.
Used To: Usage
But this sense of use now occurs only in the past tense with to in the phrase used to:
Most people don't know that I'm afraid of public speaking. I used to try to avoid it, but finally, it has taught me that when we're in the same space with all our senses, we empathize with each other in a way that could never occur on the page or screen.
—Gloria Steinem, quoted in O, The Oprah Magazine, 1 Nov. 2015
I used to make fun of the audience, and little by little, it became more and more a part of my performance.
—Don Rickles, quoted in The New York Magazine, 11 Jan. 2016
Because the d and t sounds in used to are blended into a single consonant in speech, people sometimes get confused about the spelling of the phrase. It may be that many people in fact say use to rather than used to, but since the pronunciations are essentially identical, it makes no difference. (The same occurrence happens in the pronunciation of supposed to.) In writing, however, use to in place of used to is an error.
Use to: Usages (with'Did')
The problem becomes a little trickier in constructions with did.
The form considered correct following did,
at least in AmericanEnglish, is use to.
Just as we say "Did he want to?" instead of "Did he wanted to?,"
so we say "Did he use to?" instead of "Did he used to?"
Here again, only in writing does the difference become an issue.
While in American English"did used to" is considered an error,
such usage appears to have won some measure of acceptance in British English:
One of my mother's most shameful ever moments came when the local primary school headmistress made a formal complaint that my mother's treasured eldest son had arrived for lessons "smelling of alcohol".... And yes, I did used to sneak the odd gulp of flat bitter or a decaying Pinot Grigio."
—Piers Morgan, Dailymail.co.uk, 26 Dec. 2010
If you're stuck, remember: we're used to seeing this phrase in the past tense, even though it did use to be otherwise.
Collins COBUILD English Usage
Employ & use
1. 'employ'
If you employ someone, you pay them to work for you.
The company employs 7.5 million people.
He was employed as a research assistant.
If something is employed for a particular purpose,
it is used for that purpose.
You can say, for example, that a particular method or technique is employed.
A number of ingenious techniques are employed.
The methods employed are varied, depending on the material in question.
You can also say that a machine, tool, or weapon is employed.
Similar technology could be employed in the major cities.
What matters most is how the tools are employed.
2. 'use'
However, employ is a formal word when it is used to talk about
such things as methodsor tools.
You usually say that a method or tool is used.
This method has been extensively used in the United States.
These weapons are used in training sessions.
Collins COBUILD English Usage
used to
1. main meaning
If something used to /juːs tuː, juːs tə/ happen,
it happened regularlyin the past but does not happen now.
Similarly, if something used to be true,
it was true in the past but is not true now.
She used to go swimming every day.
I used to be afraid of you.
2. 'used to' in negative structures
In conversation, you can say that something didn't use to happen or didn't use to be true.
The house didn't use to be so clean.
Be Careful!
Many people use the form didn't used to instead of didn't use to. However, some people think that this use is incorrect.
They didn't used to mind what we did.
You can also say that something never used to happen or be true.
Where I lived before, we never used to have posters on the walls.
Snooker and darts never used to be shown on television.
You can also say that something used not to happen or be true.
This is a fairly formal use.
It used not to be taxable, but now it will be subject to tax.
Be Careful!
In standard English you don't say that something 'usedn't to'happen or be true.
3. 'used to' in questions
You form yes/no-questions with used to
by putting did in front of the subject, followed by use to.
Did you use to do that, when you were a kid?
Be Careful!
Many people use the form used to instead of use to in questions.
However, some people think that this use is incorrect.
Did you used to live here?
Used to can also be used in wh-questions.
If the wh-word is the subject of the clause, or part of the subject,
you put used to after it, without an auxiliary verb.
What used to annoy you most about him?
If the wh-word is the objectof the clause, or part of the object,
you use the auxiliary verb do after it,
followed by the subject and used to.
What did you used to do on Sundays?
4. familiarity
Used to has another meaning.
If you are used to something,
you have become familiar with it and you accept it.
With this sense, used to is preceded by the verb be or get,
and is followed by a noun or an -ing form.
It doesn't frighten them. They're used to it.
I'm used to getting up early.
It's very noisy here, but you'll get used to it.
See accustomed to
Common Errors In English Usage Dictionary
Used to
Because the D and the T are blended into a single consonant
when this phrase is pronounced,
many writers are unaware that the D is even present
and omit it in writing. See also “suppose to”
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expressions
use & used & used to
As a verb, use means,
“to put into service,”
“to make use of”:
“He will use my car today.”
The principal partsof use are use, used, used:
“He used my car yesterday.”
“He has used my car for a week.”
When did is added to the verb phrase,
however, the word should be use:
“He did not use to borrow my car.”
“When used is combined with any form of the verb be,
it is followed by a verb form ending in -ing:
“He was used to borrow my car.”
When one wishes to express habitual action
or everyday occurrence,
used may correctly appear in a statement
such as“He used to borrow only gasoline.”
Such expressionsas “used to could” and “used to would”
are dialectal and illiterate.
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