2021-01-12 ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด S – Simple reason – simple & reason

2021-01-12

ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด S – Simple reason – simple & reason

แนะนำการใช้ ตามที่ส่วนใหญ่ใช้ แต่ละท้องถิ่น

ความหมาย อาจผันแปร ตาม ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค

Dictionary.com

ออกเสียง Simple = ‘SIM-puhl’

ออกเสียง reason = ‘REE-zuhn’

Merriam-Webster Dictionary

Choose the Right Synonym for simple

Adjective

SIMPLE, FOOLISH, SILLY, FATUOUS, ASININE

mean actually or apparently deficient in intelligence.

SIMPLE implies a degree of intelligence inadequate to cope with anything complex or involving mental effort.

considered people simple who had trouble with computers

FOOLISH implies the character of being or seeming unable to use judgment, discretion, or good sense.

foolish stunts

SILLY suggests failure to act as a rational being especially by ridiculous behavior.

the silly antics of revelers

FATUOUS implies foolishness, inanity, and disregard of reality.

fatuous conspiracy theories

ASININE suggests utter and contemptible failure to use normal rationalityor perception. an asinine plot

synonyms see in addition easy

Choose the Right Synonym for reason

Verb

THINK, COGITATE, REFLECT, REASON, SPECULATE, DELIBERATE

mean to use one's powers of conception, judgment, or inference.

THINK is general and may apply to any mental activity, but used alone often suggests attainment of clear ideas or conclusions.

teaches students how to think

COGITATE implies deep or intent thinking.

cogitated on the mysteries of nature

REFLECT suggests unhurried consideration of something recalled to the mind.

reflecting on fifty years of married life

REASON stresses consecutive logical thinking.

able to reason brilliantly in debate

SPECULATE implies reasoning about things theoretical or problematic.

speculated on the fate of the lost explorers

DELIBERATE suggests slow or careful reasoning before forming an opinion or reaching a conclusion or decision.

the jury deliberated for five hours

Dictionary.com

SYNONYM STUDY FOR REASON

Reason, cause, motive

are terms for a circumstance (orcircumstances)

which brings about or explains certain results.

A reason is an explanation of a situation or circumstance

which made certain results seem possible or appropriate:

The reason for the robbery was the victim's display of his money.

The cause is the way in which the circumstances produce the effect,

that is, make a specific action seem necessaryor desirable:

The cause was the robber's extreme need of money.

A motive is the hope, desire, or other force which starts the action

(or an action) in an attempt to produce specific results:

The motive was to get money to buy food for his family.

Dictionary.com

USAGE NOTE FOR REASON

The construction reason is because is criticized in a number of usage guides:

The reason for the long delays was because the costs greatly exceeded the original estimates.

One objection to this construction is based on its redundancy:

the word because (literally, by cause)

contains within it the meaning of reason;

thus, saying the reason is because is

like saying “The cause is by cause,”

which would never be said.

A second objection is based onthe claim that

because can introduce only adverbial clauses

and that reason is requires completion by a noun clause.

Critics would substitute that for because in the offending construction:

The reason for the long delays in completing the project was that the costs.

… Although the objections described here are frequently raised,

reason is because is still common in almost all levels of speech

and occurs often in edited writing as well.

A similar charge of redundancy is made against the reason why,

which is also a well-established idiom:

The reason why the bill failed to pass was the defection of three key senators.

Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary,

rea′son•er, n.

usage:

The construction reason is because is criticizedin a number of usage guides:

The reason for the long delays was because the costs far exceeded the original estimates.

One objection is based on redundancy:

the word because (literally, by cause) contains within it

the meaning “reason.”

A second objection is based on the claimthat

because can introduce only adverbial clauses

and that reason is requires completion by a noun clause.

Critics would substitute that for because in the offending construction:

The reason for the long delays was that the costs.

… Nevertheless, reason is because is still common

in almost all levels of speech and occurs often in edited writing as well.

A similar charge of redundancy is made against the reason why,

which is also a well-established idiom:

The reason why the bill failed to pass was the defection of three key senators.

Both phrases are easy to avoid if desired.

Collins English Dictionary

reasoner n

Usage:

The expression the reason is because… should be avoided.

Instead one should say either this is because… or the reason is that…

Merriam-Webster Dictionary

Usage Notes

'The Reason Is Because': Redundant But Acceptable

If 'because' can mean 'that,' why not say "the reason is because"?

We're guessing that at some point in your grammar-school days,

you were told that

using the phrase "the reason is because" was redundant.

And, by a certain look at the definition, it is.

But we're here to say that you shouldn't be scolded for or feel any qualms about using the phrase.

Proponents of the argument against it claim that

since because means "for the reason that,"

it follows that to say, for example,

"The reason I ordered vanilla is because I like it"

is equivalent to saying

"The reason I ordered vanilla is for the reason thatI like it."

This appears to be plainly repetitious and rather nonsensical.

However, the majority of people are acutely sensitiveto the apparent redundancy and would not construct a sentence like the latter.

The fact is because does not always mean "for the reason that."

It can also be understood to mean "the fact that" or simply "that."

With either of these meanings substituted in the phrase,

the phrase "the reason is because" makes sense

and is not necessarily redundant.

Clearly, the many writers who have used

and who continue to use this phrase do not feel it to be redundant

—and we agree, especially since it appears

in the letters and formal prose of many literary writers,

among them, Francis Bacon, Jonathan Swift, John Adams, Robert Frost, Ernest Hemingway, and E. B. White.

The Reason was, because the Religion of the Heathen, consisted rather in Rites and Ceremonies, than in any constant belief.

— Francis Bacon, Essays, 1625

The reason I tell you so is, because it was done by your parson….
— Jonathan Swift, Journal to Stella, 14 May 1711

The reason is because it is of more importance ... that innocence should be protected than it is that guilt should be punished.

— John Adams, final argument in defense of the British soldiers involved in the Boston Massacre, 1770

If the fellow who wrote it seems to know more of my goings and comings than he could without complicity of mine, the reason is because he is a lovely old boy and quite took possession of me while I was in Boston.
— Robert Frost, letter, 22 Mar. 1915

The reason every one now tries to avoid it, to deny that it is important, to make it seem vain to try to do it, is because it is so difficult.
— Ernest Hemingway, Green Hills of Africa, 1935

The reason the story has never been made into a film is because I won't sign a contract….— E. B. White, letter, 28 Oct. 1969

(You may have noticed that in the more modern examples,

reason is separated from the because clause

by intervening matter, sometimes quite long.

In the older examples reason is more frequently

found right next to because.

It seems the separation is done to improve readability;

because, in its position later in the sentence,

becomes a signal word to the reader telling himor her

that what follows is the "reason" mentioned previously.)

The second argument against "the reason is because"

tries to attack the grammatical soundness of the phrase,

claiming that "the reason is" requires a descriptive clause

beginning with that because of the linking verb be

—which, grammatically, connects a subject to the description following.

Using our ongoing ice-cream example,

"The reason I ordered vanilla is that I like it,"

"that I like it" is the descriptive relative clause.

However, since because shares the same meaning as conjunctive that

"The reason I ordered vanilla is because I like it" is also acceptable,

 if that's your preference.

Sentences of the form

"If you're tired, it's because you stayed up all night playing video games again" are certainly recognizable as standard English.

If because can refer to a pronoun

like it or to the also common this or that ("this/that is because"),

there is no logical reason it should not refer toa noun like reason.

Thus, the grammatical objection to "the reason is because"

doesn't hold up.

No treatment of "the reason is because"

would be complete without mention of the doubly redundant

"the reason why is because"

(by the way, we have no problem with the construction "reason why" without because

since, like because, why can function as a conjunction

meaning "for which,"

and so "reason why" translates as "the reason for which").

"The reason why is because" is more common in older sources,

and nowadays appears mainly in colloquial speech.

I don't know if I ever told you about it, but the reason why I left England was because I was sent over by my Aunt Agatha to try to stop young Gussie marrying a girl on the vaudeville stage…

— P. G. Wodehouse, "Leave It To Jeeves," 1916

"Within five minutes, I said, 'I could do this show. I could like doing this show.' And the reason why is because I get to play an extended version of myself, which is great. I get to do live sketches in front of a live audience."

— Billy Crystal, quoted in The Gwinnett Daily Post, 1 Apr. 2015

In sum, "the reason is because"has been attested in literary use for centuries.

If you aren't comfortable using the phrase,

or feel that it's awkward, don't use it.

But maybe lay off the criticism of others

—there's really no argument against it.

The phrase may grate on your nerves

(along with "the reason why is because"),

but it puts people who apply it

in some very distinguished literary company.

Dictionary.com

VOCAB BUILDER

What is a basic definition of simple?

Simple describes something as being easyto understand or do,

as being plain or not elaborate, or as being ordinary or common.

The word simple has many other senses as an adjective and a noun.

If something is simple, it involves little challenge or will be really easy.

For example, counting to five is a simple task for most adults.

Spoons and forks are simple eating tools, without any complex parts.

In this sense, simple is a synonym of words such as easy

and uncomplicated.

Real-life examples:

Young students start with simple subjects,

such as addition, before learning harder ones, such as multiplication.

An untied shoelace is a simple problem to solve for most adults.

Most young people find using a computer to be really simple.

Used in a sentence:

I made dinner with a simple recipe designed for new cooks.

Another sense of simple describes something as being plain and lacking flourishes or embellishments.

For example, a simple shirt may be plain grey or white and not have any designs or logos on it.

Used in a sentence:

She wore a simple dress to the birthday party, with no bows or ruffles.

Simple can also describe something

as being ordinary, mundane, or humble.

Real-life examples:

Most pets lead simple lives of eating and sleeping.

Some couples have simple weddings with no band, fireworks, or colorful decorations.

A simple job is one you can do without thinking hard.

Used in a sentence:

After winning the championship, I retired to live a simple life as a farmer

Dictionary of Problem Words and Expression

Simple reason

Three good reasons exist for not usingthis tiresome expression

• (1) The word simpleimplies

a superior attitudetoward the reader or listener

(Why didn’t you think of this yourself, you numskull?).

• (2) The reasonmay not be simple but quite complex.
• (3) The expression is uneconomical.

Everything that “for the simple reason that”

says can be expressed by one word, because.