2020-12-01
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด P – porch & piazza & veranda
แนะนำการใช้ ตามที่ส่วนใหญ่ใช้ แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจผันแปร ตาม ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง porch = ‘PAWRCH’
ออกเสียง piazza =’pee-AZ-uh’ – British = ‘pee-AT-suh’ – Italian = ‘PYAHT-tsah’
ออกเสียง veranda = ‘vuh-RAN-duh’
Dictionary.com
veranda
English Words That Came From Hindi And Urdu
How many words from Hindi and Urdu do you know?
Well, if you’re one of the approximately 70 million speakers of Urdu
and 425 million of Hindi, then, well, you know a lot
—and that’s only counting native speakers.
Millions more speak Urdu and Hindi as a second language all around the globe,
making them, combined, one of the most spoken languages.
But even if you don’t speak Hindi or Urdu,
you actually use more words that derive, along one route or another,
from these sister languages than you realize!
So put down your your cup of chai
(which means “tea,” so you really don’t need to say “chai tea”!) and read on.
What are Urdu and Hindi?
Many English speakers may not know
they are using words that come from Hindi and Urdu.
Many—let’s be honest—may not know, exactly, what these languages are.
Modern Hindi and Urdu both derivefrom a common language called Hindustani,
a language of South Asia used as what’s known as a lingua franca
in Northern India and Pakistan.
Both Hindi and Urdu (and their parent, Hindustani)
are what linguists call Indic or Indo-Aryan languages,
which are part of a larger language family known as Indo-European.
That means languages ranging from Irish to Greek to,
yes, English all share a common ancestor, as unrelated as they may seem.
The development of modern Hindi and Urdu are complex,
their differences developing in large part based on religion.
When colonial British India was split into India and Pakistanin 1947,
Hindi became an official language of India (a majority Hindu country)
and Urdu, of Pakistan (majority Muslim).
Other major differences between Hindi and Urdu
are that Hindi is written in a script called Devanagari
with many words from Sanskrit
while Urdu is written in a modified Arabic script
with many words from Persian and Arabic.
Another major commonalityof Hindi and Urdu
is that a lot of the words English borrowed from these languages
were the result, lest we forget, of British colonialism and imperialism.
But for all the complexity, past and present, of Hindi and Urdu,
many of the words that made their way into English
are, well, surprisingly common and everyday.
Here is one of the 11 English words that derive from Hindi and Urdu.
(Keep in mind that the two languages are so closely intertwined, there may exist a version of each word in both.)
veranda
Sipping a little something (sweet tea, perhaps) on a veranda
seems like such a Southern thing,
but the origins of the word aren’t.
It, in fact, comes from the Hindi words baraṇḍā and barāmdā,
which stem from the Persian phrase bar āmadaḥ, meaning “coming out.”
It may ultimately derivefrom the Spanish word baranda,
which means “railing, balustrade.”
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expression
Porch & piazza & veranda
Which of these terms one uses depends upon
where he lives and the speech customs of his community,
Each refers to an open space attached to the outside of a house or other building, usually roofed and partly enclosed.
Although some architects distinguish among them,
all three words are in widespread use throughout the United States.
Perhaps porchand veranda have a wider geographic spread than piazza,
a term in use largely in the South and New England.
