Research methodology and Biostatistics

หลังจากอ่านๆงานวิจัยที่เราค้นมา เรื่อง ดนตรีบำบัดเพื่อลดปวด

1. ถึงแม้ใน Cochrane จะมี Systematic review: Music for pain relief แต่เมื่ออ่านข้อเสนอแนะของผู้วิจัย

Authors' conclusions:

Listening to music reduces pain intensity levels and opioid requirements, but the magnitude of these benefits is small and, therefore, its clinical importance unclear

2. อ่านงานวิจัยอื่นๆ (Primary research)

Study

Beck 1991

Methods

Randomized cross over study.
Method of randomization or allocation concealment were not described.

Participants

Adults with cancer pain.
Music group = 15 patients.
Control group = 14 patients.

Interventions

One group exposed to music, the control group received a 60 cycle hum.
Subject selected the type of music.

Outcomes

Pain evaluated with VAS.
3/15 subjects in the music group and 1/14 in the control group had at least 50% of pain relief.

Notes

Analysis based on treatment received not intention to treat.
Treatment groups were similar.

Allocation concealment

D – Not used

เรื่องที่ 2
 

Study

Kwekkeboom 2003

Methods

RCT.
Method of randomization or allocation concealment were not described.
Patients or evaluators were not blinded.

Participants

Adults with procedural pain (biopsy, line removal).
Music group = 24 patients. Control group = 20 patients.

Interventions

One group exposed to music, the control group to usual treatment.
Exposure during procedure.
Subjects selected the type of music.

Outcomes

Pain evaluated with numerical rating scale.
Mean pain during procedure.
Music group 2.33 ± 0.37.
Control group 1.47 ± 0.4.

Notes

Analysis based on treatment received.
Treatment groups were similar.

Allocation concealment

D – Not used

เรื่องที่ 3

Study

McCaffrey 2003

Methods

RCT.
Patients or evaluators were not blinded.

Participants

Adult patients with chronic pain.
Music group = 33 patients. Control group = 33 patients.

Interventions

One group exposed to music, the control group to routine care.
Subjects did not select the type of music.

Outcomes

Pain evaluated with VAS.
Authors reported difference in pain intensity between group.

Notes

Authors followed patients for 14 days.
We used data from the first 24 hours to be able to pool results.
Treatment groups were similar.
No information to determine if the analysis was on intention to treat or treatment received.

Allocation concealment

D – Not used

เรื่องที่ 4

Study

Zimmerman 1996

Methods

RCT.
Method of randomization or allocation concealment were not described.
Patients and evaluators were not blinded.

Participants

Adults with acute postoperative pain.
Music group = 32 patients. Control group = 32 patients.

Interventions

One group exposed to music the control group scheduled rest.
Subjects selected the type of music.
Exposure after procedure.

Outcomes

Pain evaluated with numerical rating scale.
Pain intensity levels the first postoperative day.
Music group 0.9 ± 1.7.
Control group 1.79 ± 2.3.

Notes

Treatment groups were not similar at baseline.
No information to determine if the analysis was on intention to treat or treatment received.

Allocation concealment

D – Not used

สำหรับงานวิจัยเรื่อง Cancer pain ในเมืองไทย 

1.   Effects of Music Therapy on Anxiety and Pain in Cancer Patients*

 

Jirapee Soonthornkul Na Cholburi, Somchit Hanucharurnkul, Waraporn Waikakul

: It is concluded that music therapy clearly provides an effective means of reducing anxiety among cancer patients experiencing pain; however, as for the effects of music therapy on relieving pain itself, the results remain inconclusive.

Recommendation

  • From this study, the investigator suggests that nurses can utilize music therapy as a non-pharmacological intervention for managing anxiety and pain in cancer patients who experience pain. 

  • However, a peaceful environment is needed to increase the effectiveness of music therapy on relaxation outcomes. 

  • For further research, the effect of music therapy on pain in cancer patients should be replicated with a design that has greater control of the extraneous variables. 

  • Also, the duration, frequency and schedule of the therapeutic dose of music therapy  for various groups of patients should be tested.  

ประเด็นที่สามารถทำวิจัย

  • การลดปวดในผู้ป่วยมะเร็งโดยใช้ดนตรีบำบัด จะต้องทำวิจัย โดยการปรับเรื่อง ดนตรีบำบัดที่ใช้ ระเบียบวิธีวิจัยจะต้องพัฒนา

 

Thai J Nurs Res 2004 ; 8(3) 173-181