แบบทดสอบก่อนเรียน-หลังเรียน (Pre-test and Post-test)
เล่มที่ 6 เรื่อง Reading for Reference จำนวน 10 ข้อ เวลา 10 นาที
Read the passage below. Write T in the space if the statement is true and F if it is false.
Reading is a great way for people to have fun and gain knowledge (1). Many people whoare
successful in professions in our society are readers (2). If the government can build up or
support a reading campaign, we will see our country improve (3). We will see more people
carrying books everywhere. They go and picking them up when they have chance (4).
……….1. In sentence 1 , “who” refers to many people.
……….2. In sentence 4 , “they” refers to more people.
…….….3. In sentence 4 , “them” refers to readers.
Write down each pronouns that refers to the nouns and indicate the sentence where the pronoun is located.
4. Many language learners like to practice listening from watching movies. With this, they are able to see how language is pronounced and used in real situations.
“this” refers to ………………………….
a. learner b. language
c. watching movies d. situations
5. This news is about Thai students who completed abroad and won top prizes.
“Who” refers to …………………………………
a. This news b. abroad
c. prizes d. Thai students
6. The government, now, is concerned about drugs, which are becoming one of the serious problems in our country.
“Which” refers to …………………………………
a. drugs b. country
c. problems d. government
7. Sylvia was having the worst luck getting her documented essay written. She kept losing her internet connection while she was looking for resources, misplaced her outline, and ran out of ink while printing the final copy.
“her” refers to …………………………………
a. documented b. essay
c. written d. documented essay written
8. I have many foreign friends. I met some of them on the Internet and some in Bangkok. The best thing that I got from them is to practice my English skills.
“some of them”, “some” and “them” refer to ………………………
a. internet b. English skills
c. the best things d. foreign friends
9. Jogging is a very popular activity in New York City. In Winter, the weather is too cold for it. But in the spring, it is warmer, and many New Yorkers go out to jog in Central Park.
The first “it” refers to …………….
a. jogging b. weather
c. activity d. Central Park
10. The second “it” refers to …………….
a. jogging b. weather
c. activity d. Central Park
คำที่อ้างถึง (Reference)
สาระสำคัญ การอ้างถึงคำ หรือกลุ่มคำที่กล่าวมาแล้ว หรือจะกล่าวต่อไปซึ่ง
เป็นการหลีกเลี่ยงการกล่าวซ้ำคำหรือกลุ่มคำนั้น ซึ่งนักเรียนจะต้องศึกษา
และสามารถสรุปได้ว่า คำหรือกลุ่มคำนั้นหมายถึงอะไร จะทำให้นักเรียน
เข้าใจบทเรียนและเรื่องที่อ่านได้อย่างถูกต้อง
จุดประสงค์ปลายทาง
1. เมื่อนักเรียนอ่านข้อความหรือบทความจบแล้ว นักเรียนสามารถระบุคำ
หรือข้อความที่อ้างถึงในเนื้อหาได้
2. นักเรียนบอกความหมายของคำที่อ้างถึงได้
3. นักเรียนบอกประเภทของคำที่อ้างถึงได้
4. นักเรียนระบุคำหรือข้อความที่อ้างถึงได้
ใบความรู้ที่ 1
การใช้คำอ้างอิง (References) แทนคำ หรือข้อความที่ได้กล่าวมาแล้ว หรือจะกล่าว ถึงต่อไปนั้น เป็นเทคนิคการเขียนที่ผู้เขียนใช้เพื่อหลีกเลี่ยงการใช้คำซ้ำคำเดิม ช่วยให้เรื่องที่อ่าน กระชับความ การหาคำที่อ้างอิงถึงได้ จะช่วยให้ผู้อ่านทราบความเกี่ยวพัน ความต่อเนื่องของข้อมูลหรือรายละเอียด ต่าง ๆ
ลักษณะคำถามของการหาคำอ้างถึง (Reference)
1. The word ..... "X" (line .....) refers to .....
2. The phrase ..... "X" (line .....) refers to .....
3. The word in the passage that has the same reference as "X" (line .....) is ……..
4. The word ..... "X" as used by the author in this passage refers only to ...….
5. As used throughout the passage, the word ..... "X" refers to ………
6. What does the word "X" (line .....) refer to?
7. What does the phrase "X" (line .....) refer to?
8. "X" (line .....) is nearest in meaning to .....
9. The word "X" (line .....) stands for .....
ลักษณะการถามคำถามในการหา Reference.
1. Personal pronoun บุรุษสรรพนาม
1.1 Subject : I, you, we, they, etc.
1.2 Object : me, you, us, him, her, etc.
1.3 Adjective pronoun : my, your, his, her, its, their, etc.
1.4 Reflexive pronoun : myself, yourself, ourselves, etc.
2. Relative pronoun : who, whom, whose, which, that, etc.
3. Demonstrative pronoun : this, that, these, those, one, ones.
4. Adverb : here, there, then
5. Nouns : the above, the following, the former, the latter
Example
Larger preys have chunks ripped out of them, which the piranha swallows instantly so it can immediately take another bite.
Question : The word “them” refers to …………
a. chunks b. larger preys c. small fish d. swallows
เฉลย : ข้อ b. larger prey
คำอธิบาย : ในบรรทัดที่ 1 อ้างถึง “larger preys” เหยื่อที่ใหญ่กว่า “them” เป็นกรรม ดังนั้น จึงต้องหาประธานให้มัน ในที่นี้คือ “larger prey”
People often assume that athletes are healthier and more attuned to their overall well-being than nonatheless. However, two researchers who recently conducted a survey of college students reported that athletes are more likely than nonathletes to engage in behaviors that put their health at risk.
Question : The word “their” refers to …………
a. researchers b. students c. athletes d. nonathletes
เฉลย : ข้อ c. athletes
คำอธิบาย :คำว่า “their” อ้างถึง “athletes” นักกีฬา
Arctic people must not only defend themselves from the environment and wild animals, but they must also protect these natural resources.
Question : The word “themselves” refers to …………
a. Arctic people b. the environment c. wild animals d. natural resources
เฉลย : ข้อ a. Arctic people
คำอธิบาย : คำว่า “themselves” อ้างถึง “Arctic people ”
The body odor produced when bacteria act in secretions of apocrine gland - - those located
in the underarm region is a sign of sexual maturity.
Question : The word “those” refers to …………………………….
a. body odors b. secretions c. bacteria d. glands
เฉลย : ข้อ d. glands
คำอธิบาย : คำว่า “those” อ้างถึง “ glands ” ต่อมต่างๆ
Exercise 1
A Special Day in Susa’s Family.
It was a special day for Susa. Susa got up early and walked to the market with grandmother. 1She took her baby brother, Tong, with her. She strapped him on her back and walked over the hills with grandmother.
They walked through the town to the market. There were lots of people and many interesting things to see. Susa found a small mirror and she traded her bag for it. She was very happy with it 5and she kept looking at herself in it.
Soon they found all the things they needed and they food up the hill and back to the village. There were lots of things to do in the house. Grandmother had to feed the pigs. Susa had to finish her skirt. She was sewing it by hand and it took a long time. Aunt Nu Lang had to make 9 flour by grinding corn between two large stones.
Later it became cooler and grandmother began to cook. She cooked it over an open fire. 11
The children waited outside, where they found a delicious smell. Grandmother served out the delicious – smelling food. It was sweet sticky rice cooked in bamboo. The children loved it and ate all of it.
Everybody in the village stopped working and it became dark. The men sat and smoked. 15
Susa’s father played music on his pipes. The village became peaceful with sweet, soft music in the air. What do these pronouns refer to?
A : Arrange the activities Susa did that day in sequential order.
(The first one and the last one have been done for you.)
A. got up early
B. went back to the village
C. went to the market with grandmother
D. eat the sweet sticky rice
E. sewed her skirt
F. listened to father’s music.
G. traded her bag for a mirror,
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
|
A |
|
|
|
|
|
F |
B : Complete the sentences showing the activities that the grand-
mother did on that day:
1. She went to ______________________________
2. She bought ______________________________
3. She went back to _________________________
4. She cooked ______________________________
5. She served _______________________________
Exercise 2
What do these pronouns refer to?
1. him (line2) refers to …………
2. they (line4) refers to …………
3. she (line5) refers to …………
4. it (line6) refers to …………
5. her (line9) refers to …………
6. it (line11) refers to …………
7. She (line11) refers to …………
8. they (line12) refers to …………
9. it (line14) refers to …………
10. his (line16) refers to …………
Exercise 3
Tell what the underlined word refers to
1. “Why don’t you take this green scarf? I’ll take the red one.”
one = ……………………………………
2. The child’s world is smaller than the adult’s world. It has fewer people and less space.
It = ……………………………………
3. Penguins have a very curious and interesting appearance. People usually feel like smiling
when they see them.
them = …………………………………
4. Flint became a valuable and important stone to early man. Although it is very hard, it
breaks easily and leaves sharp edges.
it = ………………………………
5. At first, hunters used only meat and furs from the animals. They were able to kill wild
animals.
The skin made good covers and containers.
They = ……………………………..
6. Sometimes pilots suddenly notice a flock of birds just ahead of their plane. If they hit them,
they may be get caught in the propeller. Therefore pilots are worried when they see birds
close to their planes.
they = ……………………………..
7. Businessmen know that people choose products by color. So, they try to produce ones that
are the colors people will buy. For example, a car manufacturer needs to know how many
cars to paint red, green and white.
ones = …………………………….
8. Ben knows that he cannot afford the car for his girlfriend, but he tries to buy it some day.
it = ……………………………………………..
9. A : Why don’t you take this green umbrella?
B : No, it’s too big. I’ll take the red one.
one = …………………………………….
10.The instructor asked Andrew to bring to school some butterflies, but he could not find any.
any = ………………………………………
Exercise 4
What do the underlined words refer to in the sentence? Circle your answers.
1. The puppy’s leash luckily caught underneath a tire as it dashed through the Parking lot.
Otherwise, a car might have struck it on the busy street in front of the vet’s office.
“It” in line 2 refers to …………………………………
a. lucky pig b. the little dog
c. the parking lot d. the busy street
2. Sam and Rodney dashed from their car up the stairs to building 7. Neither of them wanted to be late to Ms. Simmons’s Eng 1101 class.
“them” in line 1 refers to …………………………………
a. their car b. the stairs
c. young man d. Sam and Rodney
3. There are individual sports and team sports. Individual sports, such as running, swimming hiking and skating, etc. are more flexible than team sports. You can do them whenever you want to.
“them” in line 2 refers to …………………………………
a. sports b. team sports
c. individual sports d. hiking and skating
4. Students should always remember that at some point in the future you are going to need
letters of recommendation, references, or a resume. With this thought in mind, “you” should
not anger any of your teachers or bosses.
“you” in line 2 refers to …………………………………
a. bosses b. resume
c. the students d. the teachers
- Like most teenagers, seventeen-year-old Tanya regularly eats at fast food restaurants.
The doctor claims that they have arteries clogged with just as much plaque as a typical
senior citizen.
“they” in line 2 refers to …………………………………
a. doctors b. teenagers
c. fast food d. restaurants
6. “The Fun They Had” shows us how computers are used by school children in the future.
Instead of reading books they read texts on computer screens.
“they” in line 2 refers to …………………………………
a. books b. screens
c. computers d. schoolchildren
7. Runners offer wear special shoes, socks, shorts, and shirts. These are important, but runners
agree that shoes are the most important.
“These” in line 1 refers to …………………………………
a. Runners b. Shoes and socks
c. Shoes and shirts d. Shoes socks shorts shirts
8. There was a young man called Kaldi who took care of goats. One day, he was watching
goats while they were eating some plants
“he” in line 1 refers to …………………………………
a. goats b. Kaldi
c. plants d. young man
9. The problem of shortage of land is not a simple one. As the population’s increases, more and
more people look hungrily at the land set aside for game reserves.
“one” in line 1 refers to …………………………………
a. land b. people
c. simple d. problem
10. Some people believe that cigarette smoking is dangerous. They want their government to
start anti – smoking campaigns.
“They” in line 1 refers to …………………………………
a. smoking b. cigarette
c. government d. some people
Exercise 5
Read the short passage and find the differences.
1. By adopting a few simple techniques, parents who read to their children can substantially
increase their children’s language development. It’s surprising, but true. How parents talk to
their children makes a big difference in the children language development. If a parents
encourages the child to activity respond to what the parents is reading, the child’s language
skills increase.
In line 2, what does “It’s ” refer?
a. Parents reading to children.
b. Reading techniques being simple.
c. Children’s language development
d. Parent increasing children language development.
2. Having heard so much about the life-guards on my trip to Australia, I could hardly wait for
the time when I should see them in Action. I have been told that they were a specially selected
body of man all of whom were storms swimmers. Australian beaches sometimes provide quite
unexpected dangers an as they are crowded in summers, the life-guards duties are to save
people from drowning, bring in those who have been carried too far out by swift currents,
and above all, to keep a sharp look-out for unwelcome visitors like sharks.
In line 4 “they” refers to ……………….
a. tourists b. unexpected dangers
c. Australian beaches d. life-guard’s duties
3. I spent nearly four an half years at harrow, of which three were in the army class. After this
I was admitted in consequence of having passes the preliminary examination. It consisted of
boy of the middle and higher forms of the school and of very different ages, all of whom
were being prepared either for the Sans Hurst to the Woolwich examinations.
The word “this ” refers to?
a. Harrow b. The army class
c. The preliminary examination d. The Woolwich examination
4. The concept of equality is to give people freedom. It is not to make people feel that they have
to do certain things nor to change their social values . It is to give woman the opportunity to
go out to work on the same basis as men. If that is what they want, similarly, they are free to
adopt the traditional role of wife and mother .This is just as important a job as any other, and
oneto which many women are happy to devote their lives.
What does “one ” refers to?
a. The role of wife and mother
b. the concept of equality
c. the traditional status
d. the opportunities to work
5. Mrs. Birningham was a strange character. Her husband died in 1972 . She was very sad.
She decided to stay in Putney. She lived with her dog, Timmy in a cottage in Putney. It was
small and white, on the corner of the street. One day, her son and daughter - in - law came to
see her. They came nearly every week, but there was something different this time. They
brought some documents. These document gave the house to the children. They would move
her to a very nice house. But she didn’t.
What word “They” in line 4 refers to?
a. Mrs Burningham and the dog b. Mrs Burningham and Timmy
c. Her son and daughter- in - law d. Mrs Burningham and her husband
6. In frontier days many westerner cowboy carried guns and settled their disputes by fighting.
Until courts and police forces were established, they had no other way at settle ring quarrels
in which both sides were partly right. People often joined forces against horse thieves and
other bad men but they could not settle disagreement between ordinary citizens.
The words “they” in line 4 refers to
a. guns b. people
c. courts d. police force
7. Is there any end in sight to the fitness fever? No, say experts, merchandisers and specialists
a like. Exercise enthusiasts agree that fitness is such an integral part of their lives that it will
continue in some form right into old age. As one Oregon jogger noted, when he and his
friends are too old and too beat to run marathon any longer, they’ll still be out their-walking
The word “it” in line 2 refers to the ………………
a. life b. fever
c. part fever d. exercise
8. Expert a divided society, smoke-wife, “I am sorry to say that I do” not believe we’ll have
smokeless society by the year 2000, says Dr. Art Ulnae. “All the evidence suggests that the
incidence of smoking will be very, very low in people who are poor and uneducated” This is
a national tragedy and a national disgrace. And educated people give up smoking,
the tobacco industry will concentrate their afford on the poor and uneducated-and the results
will be devastating.
The word “This” in line 3 refers to …………………………
a. Heavy smoking mainly by the lower classes.
b. The incident of smoking in everyday life.
c. Having a smokeless society by the year 2000.
d. Higher rate of smoking among the middle classes.
9. Similarly, when we read a newspaper, for example, we do not often read every part of it.
We decide which articles interest us and which articles do not. Some people read only the
political articles, others the sport. We can often make predictions about the content of an
article from the headline or title.
The word “other” in line 3 refers to ………………………
a. readers b. people.
c. articles d. newspaper
10. The ghost of Warmley is very famous. It lived in a small cottage in Pelham Street, in the
centre of the city. The owner of the house is a young woman called Beth Mills, who has seen
it three or four times. None of my neighbors in the road believed me, she told me yesterday.
The word “it” in line 2 refers to ………………………
a. ghost b. house
c. street d. cottage
&nb
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Good