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Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง instinct = ‘IN-stingkt’
ออกเสียง intuition = ‘in-too-ISH-uhn’
Abused, Confused, & Misused Words by Mary Embree
instinct
= innate aspect of behavior;
= strong impulse;
= natural capability or aptitude:
He acted on instinct.
Not to be confused with:
= knowing without the use of natural processes;
= acute insight:
She had an intuition that her children were in danger.
= knowledge of things before they exist or happen;
= foresight:
He had a prescience that there would be an earthquake.
THE AMERICAN HERITAGE® SCIENCE DICTIONARY
Instinct
An inherited tendency of an organism
to behave in a certain way,
usually in reaction to its environment
and for the purpose of fulfilling a specific need.
The development and performance
of instinctive behavior does not depend upon
the specific details of an individual's learning experiences.
Instead, instinctive behavior develops
in the same way for all individuals
of the same species or of the same sex of a species.
For example,
birds will build the form of nest
typical of their species although they may
never have seen such a nest being built before.
Some butterfly species undertake long migrations
to wintering grounds that they have never seen.
Behavior in animals often reflects the influence
of a combination of instinctand learning.
The basic song pattern of many bird species is inherited,
but it is often refined by learning
from other members of the species.
Dogs that naturally seek to gather animals
such as sheep or cattle into a group
are said to have a herding instinct,
but the effective use of this instinct
by the dog also requires learning on the dog's part.
Instinct, as opposed to reflex,
is usually used of inherited behavior patterns
that are more complex or sometimes involve
a degree of interaction with learning processes.
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expression
Instinct & intuition
These words are used interchangeably
to apply to an inborn tendency,
natural impulse, or inner perception.
“My Instinct was not to trust that man”
probably means the same thing
as “My intuition told me not to trust that man.”
An Instinct is something inbornand natural,
notdependent upon any thinking process of any kind
(anInstinctto fear falling from a height);
Intuition doesnot depend upon reasoning either
but does convey the idea of knowledge and awareness:
“a woman’s intuition”;
“a speaker’sintuitionthat his talk is too intellectual.”
An infant is born with instincts,
some of which are preservedinto adulthood;
an infant is born without intuition
but forms opinions and judgments as he experience life.
A baby is born with the instinct to survive.
Later, that baby becomes aware
(has an intuition) that survival requires effort.
Picturesque Expressions: A Thematic Dictionary,
Intuition
by ear
Relying on an innate sense of what sounds
or feels right; without referring to,
or depending upon prescribed procedures or written music.
This use of ear, referring to
anability to recognize musical intervals,
dates from the early 16th century.
At that time, play it by ear
meant to sing or play an instrument without printed music.
By the 19th century, the same phrase came to mean
to proceed one step at a time,
trusting intuitionand a subtle sense of timing,
rather than a prearranged plan,
to determine the proper course of action.
“What happens then?”
“I don’t know…. We’re playing it by ear at the moment.”
(A. Smith, East-Enders, 1961)
Both this figurative use and
the earlier one heard in musical contexts are current today.
by theseat of one’s pants
By instinct or intuition; just barely, narrowly.
This expression was originally an aviation term
meaning to fly without instruments,
and thus to be forced
to relyupon the instincts acquired through past experience.
The sense of ‘just barely, narrowly’
would seem to be an outgrowth of this aviation use,
since a pilot flying by the seat of his pants
is apt to escape disaster by a very narrow margin.
feel in one’s bones To intuit;
to sense something before it becomes apparent.
This expression probably stems from
the ability of people who suffer from bone diseases
such as arthritis and rheumatism to predict changes
in the weather because of increased pain.
This ability is due to the fact that
changes in atmospheric pressure and humidity
may affect the bones and joints of such individuals.
Since changes in pressure and humidity
often precede a change in the weather,
these people seem to sense the change
before it becomes apparent.
In its current usage,
feel in one’s bones is no longer limited
topeople with bone disorders orto changes in the weather.
follow one’s nose
To be guided by instinct, to play it by ear.
The expression clearly derives from an animal’s keen
and usually unerring sense of smell.
The phrase was used figuratively as early as 1692
by Richard Bentley in one of his Boyle lectures:
The main maxim of his philosophy was,
to trust to his senses, and follow his nose.
The expression also has the similar
but somewhat less figurative meaning
of ‘go straight forward, continue on in a direct course.’
know which way the wind blows
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Usage Notes
Is There a Difference Between ‘Instinctive’ and ‘Instinctual?
Sometimes it’s best to go with your gut.
What to Know
Instinctive and instinctual
sufficiently cover the same use cases
when meaning "of or relating to, or based on instinct."
Depending on who you ask however
their meanings might be slightly different.
"Instinctual" appears more frequently in scientific writing
and refers to the notion of behavior itself,
while "instinctive" may sometimes be
reserved to describe specific behaviors.
The adjectives instinctive and instinctual
are very similar and used similarly in many contexts.
As such, their definitions also have a lot in common.
Instinctive is defined as“of, relating to, or being instinct”
and “prompted by natural instinct or propensity :
arising spontaneously.”
Instinctual is shown as an undefined run-on at instinct
in Merriam-Webster Online.
In Merriam-Webster Unabridged
it has its own entry and definition:
“of, relating to, or based on instincts,”
with the examples “instinctual behavior” and “the instinctual society of social insects.”
Instinctive vs. Instinctual
Some older or more conservative usage commentators
find the words to be virtually synonymous,
and say that instinctive fills all needs
where instinctual might be considered.
The grammarian H. W. Fowler, in Modern English Usage, called instinctual a "superfluous word":
"Why anyone should have thought it necessary
to coin a new one on the analogy of contractual, habitual, etc.,
is not clear;
perhaps the psychologists wanted an adjective of their own."
It is notable that
Fowler is inclined to attribute instinctual to psychologists.
There’s nothing in historical evidence
to suggest that psychologists are responsible
for coining the word.
The earliest citation given in the OED
comes not from scientific writing
but a 1924 novel by Gilbert Knox
(pseudonym of the Canadian author Madge Macbeth).
But instinctual does tend to appear
in writings pertaining to the science of evolutionary instinct.
A person writing from a scientific background
might be more liable than a layperson
to see a distinction in use between instinctive and instinctual,
and more critically,
might be inclined to see a need for such a distinction.
In Scientific Writing
That may be why more recent commentators
do see a distinction between the two:
namely, that instinctive describes something
(as an action) done or controlled by one’s instincts:
Instinctual, on the other hand, tends
to be used in contexts where it means “relating to instinct,”
describing not specific behaviors
but the notion of behavior itself.
For that reason instinctual tends
to be used more in scientific writing:
If you find yourself needing to choose between
instinctive and instinctual,
your best bet might be to trust your instincts.
