2022-05-23 ศัพท์ น่าสับสน - Set – G – Government & group

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2022-05-23

ศัพท์ น่าสับสน - Set – G – Government & group

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Ref.: 683378

 

Dictionary.com:

ออกเสียง government = “GUHV-ern-muhnt” or “GUHV-er-muhnt”

ออกเสียง governmental = “guhv-ern-MEN-tl,” or  “‐er-MEN‐tl”  adjective

ออกเสียง group = “GROOP”

 

Common Error in English Usage Dictionary:

government

Be careful to pronounce

                  the first “N” in “government.”

 

The A-Z of Correct English Common Errors in English Dictionary:

government

    (not goverment as it is often mispronounced)

 

Dictionary.com:

HOW TO PRONOUNCE GOVERNMENT

Normal phonological processes 

             are reflected in a variety of pronunciations for government. 

Most commonly, 

             the first [n] of [guhv-ern-muhnt] 

             assimilates to the immediately following [m], 

            with the resulting identical nasal sounds 

             coalescing to give the pronunciation [guhv-er-muhnt]. 

 

This pronunciation is considered standard 

            and occurs throughout the U.S. 

For speakers in regions 

            where postvocalic [r] is regularly lost, 

            as along the Eastern Seaboard and in the South, 

            the resulting pronunciation is [guhv-uh-muhnt] 

            or, with loss of the medial unstressed vowel, [guhv-muhnt]. 

 

Further assimilation, 

            in which the labiodental [v], 

            in anticipation of the bilabial quality of the following [m], 

            becomes the bilabial stop [b], 

leads in the South Midland and Southern U.S. 

           to the pronunciation [guhb-muhnt]. 

 

American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language:

gov′ern·men′tal (-mĕn′tl) adj.

gov′ern·men′tal·ly adv.

Usage Note: 

In American usage 

            government always takes a singular verb. 

In British usage 

            government, in the sense of a governing group of officials, 

            takes a plural verb: 

                 The government are determined to follow this course. 

See Usage Note at collective noun.

 

Collins COBUID English Dictionary:

government

The government of a country 

            is the group of people responsible for ruling it. 

After government you can use

            either a singular or plural form of a verb.

The government has had to cut back on public expenditure.

The government have made up their minds that they are going to win no matter what.

 

Note that in American English,

          a singular form of the verbis usually used with government. 

 

Note also that 

       when talking about 

       the US president 

       and the people he appoints to help him govern, 

speakers of American English use the word administration.

      He pledged that his administration will consult with allies and Congress.

 

THE AMERICAN HERITAGE® SCIENCE DICTIONARY:

SCIENTIFIC DEFINITIONS FOR Group

Chemistry

1.  Two or more atoms that are bound together 

         and act as a unit in a number of chemical compounds, 

         such as a hydroxyl (OH) group.

1.  In the Periodic Table, 

        a vertical column that contains elements

        having the same number of electrons 

        in the outermost shell of their atoms. 

        Elements in the same group 

       have similar chemical properties. 

See Periodic Table.

 

Mathematics 

A set with an operation

         whose domain is all ordered pairs of members of the set, 

         such that the operation is binary (operates on two elements) 

         and associative, 

the set contains the identity element of the operation, 

and each element of the set has an inverse element for the operation. 

 

The positive and negative integers and zero 

          form a set that is a group under the operation of ordinary addition, 

 since zero is the identity element of addition

 and the negative of each integer is its inverse. 

 

Groups are used extensively in quantum physics and chemistry 

          to model phenomena involving symmetry and invariance.

 

American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language:

Group

Usage Note: 

Group as a collective noun 

           can be followed by a singular or plural verb. 

It takes a singular verb when the persons 

           or things that make up the group are considered collectively: 

The dance group is ready for rehearsal. 

 

Group takes a plural verb when the persons 

            or things that constitute it are considered individually: 

The group were divided in their sympathies. 

See Usage Note at collective noun.

 

Dictionary of Collective Nouns and Group Terms:

Group

          =  a set of things collected as a unit. 

               See also gathering.

Examples: 

            group of columns 

            [three or four columns joined together on the same pedestal], 

            1731; of company, 1748; of crystals, 1830; of islands; of musicians; 

            of partisans, 1809; of rocks, 1859; of singers; of trees; of woes, 

            1729; of words, 1748.

 

Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms. 

US Department of Defense:

Group
1.       A flexible administrative and tactical unit 

          composed of either two or more battalions 

          or two or more squadrons. 

          The term also applies to combat support 

          and combat service support units.
2. A number of ships and/or aircraft, 

          normally a subdivision of a force, 

          assigned for a specific purpose. Also called GP.