2021-12-31
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด – B – bourgeois & proletariat
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Dictionary.com
ออกเสียงbourgeois = ‘boor-ZHWAH’ or ‘BOO-zhwah’
In French announcing = ‘boor-ZHWA’
ออกเสียง proletariat = ‘proh-li-TAIR-EE-uht’
Dictionary of Problem Words in English
Bourgeois & proletariat
Bourgeois refers to a member of the so-called middle class,
sometimes defined as persons engaged in
shopkeeping, merchandising, and similar pursuits.
As an adjective, bourgeois means
“conventional,”
“characterized by materialistic concerns or activities.”
The general meaning of bourgeois
may be inferred from its origin:
a burgess is, or was, a citizen who was neither of the nobility not a serf.
Proletariat refers to persons
who depend for support upon employment rather than property.
The word is derived from a Latin phrases
referring to individuals who contributed
to the state only through their offspring.
In brief, bourgeois means “middle class,”
and proletarian means “working class.”
Most Americans do not think of themselves
as being either bourgeois or proletarian.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Words Matter
Are You Misusing a Common Words?
bourgeois, adjective :
relating to, belonging to, or having qualities or values associated
with the middle class;
too concerned about wealth, possessions, and respectable behavior
—NOT relating to the upper class or fancy
If watching an episode of Secret Lives of the Super Rich
has you muttering to yourself about the bourgeois decadence
of the super rich we won't judge you
—but you might want to reconsider your word choice, even if no one else can hear you.
Bourgeois may look and sound like a fancy word,
but don't be fooled by its French origins.
It actually has to do with the middle class.
It often describes those members of the middle class
who care too much about money and things and looking respectable
—and who might aspire to being something fancier than bourgeois.
The nouns bourgeois and bourgeoisie
refer to the members of the middle class,
as in "Nobody is going to watch a show called Secret Lives of the Bourgeoisie."
Common Errors in English Usage Dictionary
bourgeois
In the original French, a bourgeois
was originally merely a free inhabitant of a bourg, or town.
Through a natural evolution
it became the label for members of the property-owning class,
then of the middle class.
As an adjective it is used with contempt by bohemians and Marxists
to label conservatives whose views are not sufficiently revolutionary.
The class made up of bourgeois (which is both the singular and the plural form) is the bourgeoisie.
Shaky spellers are prone to leave out the E from the middle
because “eoi” is not a natural combination in English;
but these words have remarkably enough retained their French pronunciation: boorzhwah and boorzhwazee.
The feminine form, “bourgeoise,” is rarely encountered in English.
