2021-12-31 ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด – B – bona fide
2021-12-31
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด – B – bona fide
แนะนำการใช้ ตามที่ส่วนใหญ่ใช้ แต่ละท้องถิ่น
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Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง bona fide = ‘BOH-nuh-fahyd’ or ‘BOH-nuh-FAHY-dee’
ออกเสียง bona fides = ‘BOH-nuh-fahy-deez’ or Latin = ‘BOH-nah-fee des’
Dictionary.com
USAGE NOTE FOR BONA FIDES
Bona fides is from the singular Latin phrase bona fidēs,
meaning “good faith,” and has the same meaning in English.
But partially because its -es ending makes
bona fides look and sound like a plural,
it has developed the plural sense “credentials.”
This plural use, although criticized by some usage guides,
has been increasing in all varieties of speech and writing.
The adjective bona fide (without the “s”)
is from a Latin phrase meaning “in good faith, with good faith.”
It was originally used adverbially in this sense,
but is now mainly an adjective.
The meaning “authentic, true” is a later development
sometimes denounced as sloppy usage,
but its use is bona fide and widespread.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Choose the Right Synonym for bona fide
mean being actually and exactly what is claimed.
AUTHENTIC implies being fully trustworthy as according with fact
an authentic account of the perilous journey;
it can also stress painstaking or faithful imitation of an original.
an authentic reproduction
authentic Vietnamese cuisine
GENUINE implies actual character not counterfeited, imitated, or adulterated
genuine piety
genuine maple syrup;
it also connotes definite origin from a source.
a genuine Mark Twain autograph
BONA FIDE implies good faith and sincerity of intention.
a bona fide offer for the stock
Did You Know?
Bona fide means "in good faith" in Latin.
When applied to business deals and the like,
it stresses the absence of fraud or deception.
“A bona fide sale of securities is an entirely aboveboard transaction.”
Outside of business and law,
bona fide implies mere sincerity and earnestness.
A bona fide promise is one that the person has every intention of keeping.
“A bona fide proposal of marriage is one made by a suitor who isn't kidding around.”
Bona fide also has the noun form bona fides;
when someone asks about someone else's bona fides,
it usually means evidence of their qualifications or achievements.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Bona fides
Did You Know?
Bona fides looks like a plural word in English, but in Latin,
it's a singular noun that literally means "good faith."
When bona fides entered English, it at first stayed very close to its Latin use - it was found mostly in legal contexts
and it meant "honesty or lawfulness of purpose," just as it did in Latin.
It also retained its singular construction.
Using this original sense one might
speak of "a claimant whose bona fides is unquestionable," for example.
But in the 20th century, use of bona fides began to widen,
and it began to appear with a plural verb in certain contexts.
For example,
a sentence such as "the informant's bona fides were ascertained" is now possible.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
SCOTUS: 'Bona Fide' relationships
"Made in good faith without fraud or deceit"
27 Jun 2017
Bona fide was among our top lookups on June 26th, 2017,
after it was used in a Supreme Court ruling
dealing with the implementation of an executive order by President Trump.
Specifically, it maintains the injunctions with respect to entry
by “foreign nationals who have a credible claim
of a bona fide relationship with a person or entity in the United States.”
—Ilya Somin, The Washington Post, 26 Jun. 2017
Bona fide comes directly from Latin, in which language it means
"in good faith."
In modern use it is typically encountered as an adjective
(as the Supreme Court used it) meaning "made in good faith, sincere",
or as a noun, written in plural form
("as evidence of her bona fides she showed us her collection of guinea pig drawings"),
with meanings such as " good faith" or "evidence of qualifications."
Bona Fide may also be found used as an adverb,
which was its earliest form in English use, beginning in the 16th century.
Onely Hillarius Bishop of Chichester, perceyuing the king to be exasperate with that addition, in stead of Saluo ordine suo, was agreed to obserue them bona fide.
—Richard Grafton, A Chronicle at Large, 1569
Where he desyres vs to aggre all controuersies amonge our teacheris: we answer, bona fide, that we know no controuersie in doctrine, especially of that which concernes mannes saluation within the Realme of Scotland.
—John Knox, An Answer to a Letter, 1572
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Trend Watch
Duterte: 'The Bona Fide Media Has Always Been Our Partner For Change'
Lookups for 'bona fide' spiked after the president of the Philippines used it in his State of the Nation Address
25 Jul 2016
Lookups for bona fide spiked on July 25th after Rodrigo Duterte, the president of the Philippines, used the phrase in his State of the Nation address.
“This government does not condone violence and repression of media,”
the President said.
“The bona fide media has always been our partner for change.
What to do with the not bona fide media? That’s the problem,” he added.
—The Manila Times, 25 July 2016
In May, Duterte drew criticism
for suggesting that journalists killed on the job were corrupt.
Just because you're a journalist you are not exempted from assassination,
if you're a son of a bitch ...
Freedom of expression cannot help you if you have done something wrong.
—Rodrigo Duterte, quoted on CNN.com, 1 June 2016
Bona fide comes directly from the Latin for “in good faith.”
It originally referred to something that was made in good faith,
without intent to deceive.
Somewhat later it took on the meaning of “genuine.”
The noun is written as bona fides, a form which appears to be plural,
but is usually singular.
There is an antonym to bona fide, which likewise comes from Latin:
mala fide, which is generally found in a legal context,
means “with or in bad faith.”
Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms.
US Department of Defense
bona fides
= Good faith.
In evasion and recovery operations,
the use of verbal or visual communication by individuals
who are unknown to one another
to establish their authenticity, sincerity, honesty, and truthfulness.
See also evasion; evasion and recovery; recovery; recovery operations.
Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary
Bona fides
usage:
At least partially because it looks and sounds like an English plural,
the Latin phrase bona fides has developed the plural sense “credentials,”
taking a plural verb.
Although criticized by some usage guides,
this use has been increasing in recent decades.
Common Errors in English Usage Dictionary
bona fide
Bona fide is a Latin phrase meaning “in good faith,”
most often used to mean “genuine” today.
It is often misspelled
as if it were the past tense of an imaginary verb: “bonify.”
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