2021-02-07
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด S – Summary & summery
แนะนำการใช้ ตามที่ส่วนใหญ่ใช้ แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจผันแปร ตาม ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง Summary = ‘SUHM-uh-ree’
ออกเสียง summery = ‘SUHM-uh-ree’
Abused, Confused, & Misused Words by Mary Embree
Summary = a brief account of the main points of something:
= outline, précis, synopsis:
Please provide a summary of the book.
Not to be confused with:
summery = like summer: a bright summery day
Dictionary.com
SYNONYM STUDY FOR SUMMARY
Summary, brief, digest, synopsis
are terms for a short version of a longer work.
A summary is a brief statementor restatement of main points,
especially as a conclusion to a work:
a summary of a chapter.
A brief is a detailed outline, by heads and subheads,
of a discourse (usually legal) to be completed:
a brief for an argument.
A digest is an abridgment of an article, book, etc.,
or an organized arrangement of material under heads and titles:
a digest of a popular novel; a digest of Roman law.
A synopsis is usually a compressed statement
of the plot of a novel, play, etc.:
a synopsis of Hamlet.
HISTORICAL USAGE OF SUMMARY
The English noun summary comes straight from the Latin neuter noun summārium “abridgment, abstract, epitome,”
an extremely rare word used only once in the surviving Latin literature
by the Roman author, tragedian, statesman,
and Stoic philosopher Seneca (the Younger) in one of his Moral Letters to Lucilius (39), in which he complains
“…what is now commonly called a ‘breviary’ [ breviārium ] was called,
in the good old days, when we used to speak Latin, a ‘summary’ [ summārium ]."
(Complaints about the terrible state of the language are nothing new.)
Summārium is a compound of adjective summus “highest, topmost, top” and the noun suffix -ārium.
(Summa, the feminine of summus used as a noun, in mathematics and accounting means “sum, total”:
The Romans added their numbers from the bottom up and wrote the total in summā “on the top.”)
Medieval Latin has the adjective summārius “abbreviated, summary,” which was borrowed into Middle English in the 15th century.
The adjectival meaning “relating to legal proceedings conducted without certain required formalities” is recorded about 1765, though the corresponding meaning of the adverb summarily appears much earlier.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Choose the Right Synonym for summary
Adjective
CONCISE, TERSE, SUCCINCT, LACONIC, SUMMARY, PITHY, COMPENDIOUS meanvery brief in statement or expression.
CONCISE suggests the removal of all that is superfluous or elaborative.
a concise description
TERSE implies pointed conciseness. a terse reply
SUCCINCT implies the greatest possible compression.
a succinct letter of resignation
LACONIC implies brevity to the point of seeming rude, indifferent, or mysterious. an aloof and laconic stranger
SUMMARY suggests the statement of main points with no elaboration or explanation.
a summary listing of the year's main events
PITHY adds to SUCCINCT or TERSE the implication of richness of meaning or substance.
a comedy sharpened by pithy one-liners
COMPENDIOUS applies to what is at once full in scope and brief and concise in treatment. a compendious dictionary
Common Errors In English Usage Dictionary
Summary & summery
When the weather is warm and summery
and you don’t feel like spending a lot of time reading
that long report from the restructuring committee,
just read the summary:
