2020-12-21
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด R – Rebut & refute & repudiate
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Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง Rebut = ‘ri-BUHT’
ออกเสียง refute = ‘ri-FYOOT’
ออกเสียง Rebuke = ‘ri-BYOOK’
ออกเสียง Rebuff – verb = ‘ri-BUHF’ – noun = ‘ri-BUHF’ or “ri-BUHF’
ออกเสียง repudiate = ‘ri-PYOO-dee-yet’
Abused, Confused, & Misused Words by Mary Embree
Rebut = to argue to the contrary;
disprove; confute: rebut an argument
Not to be confused with:
rebuff = blunt or abrupt rejection;
snub; spurn: rebuff a proposal or invitation
rebuke = a sharp, stern disapproval of;
reprove; reprimand; censure; admonish; reproach:
rebuke his bad behavior
Farlex Trivia Dictionary.
rebut
refute = To rebut a statement is to offer clear evidence
or a reasoned argument against it;
to refute a statement is to prove it wrong
(neither means "contradict" or "deny").
See also related terms for prove.
Common Errors In English Usage Dictionary
Rebut & refute
When you rebut someone’s argument you argue against it.
To refute someone’s argument is to prove it incorrect.
Unless you are certain you have achieved success, use“rebut.”
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Rebut
Did You Know?
The -but in rebut once meant basically "butt",
so rebut's original meanings were "to drive or beat back"
and "to attack with violent language".
Rebuttals can still be rather violent,
as anyone who has watched some heated moments
in a presidential debate can testify.
The word is often used by lawyers,
since the lawyer for the accused or for the party being sued
almost always tries to rebut the charges against his or her client;
but it's also used in plenty of contexts outsidethe courtroom.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Rebuke
Choose the Right Synonym for rebuke
Verb
REPROVE, REBUKE, REPRIMAND, ADMONISH, REPROACH, CHIDE
mean to criticize adversely.
REPROVE implies an often kindly intent to correct a fault.
gently reproved my table manners
REBUKE suggests a sharp or stern reproof.
the papal letter rebuked dissenting clerics
REPRIMAND implies a severe, formal, often public or official rebuke.
reprimanded by the ethics committee
ADMONISH suggests earnest or friendly warning and counsel.
admonished by my parents to control expenses
REPROACH and CHIDE suggest displeasureor disappointment
expressed in mild reproof or scolding.
reproached him for tardiness chided by their mother for untidiness
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Rebuff
Did You Know?
Occurring frequently in news articles and headlines,
rebuff derives (via Middle French rebuffer) from Old Italian ribuffare,
meaning "to reprimand,"
and ultimately from the imitative verb buffare, meaning "to puff."
(You might guess that the verb buff, meaning "to polish,"
is a "buffare" descendant, but it is actually unrelated.)
A similar word, "rebuke," shares the "criticize" sense of "rebuff,"
but not the "reject" sense
(one can rebuke another's actions or policies,
but one does not rebuke the advances of another, for example).
Like "rebuke," "rebuff" can also be used as a noun,
as in "His proposal was met with a stern rebuff from the Board of Trustees."
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language,
re·fut′er n.
Usage Note:
Traditionally, the verb refute has two meanings.
The first is "to prove to be falseor erroneous,"
as in Charges of institutional bias against women were refuted by an analysis of the employment data.
In this example, it is clear that an argument was mustered
to demonstrate the falsity of the charges.
This usage is well established as standard.
The second meaning is "to deny the accuracy of,"
and in this use there is no mention or implication of
mustering evidence or detailed reasoning.
Rather, the refutation exists as a simple statement or claim.
This second use has been criticizedas incorrect or inappropriate
since the early 1900s, despite being common.
A majority of the Usage Panel accepts the use as a synonym of deny,
but not by a wide margin.
In our 2002 survey, 62 percent accepted the example
In the press conference, the senator categorically refuted the charges of malfeasance but declined to go into details.
This suggests that many readers are uncomfortable with this usage
and would prefer to see deny in these contexts.
Beyond these two meanings, refute is sometimes
used to mean "to deny the validity of, repudiate,"
as in Observers are expecting the appeals court to refute the Microsoft breakup.
The Panel has scant affection for this usage.
Some 89 percent rejected the example just quoted in the 2002 survey.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Trend Watch
Refute / Repudiate
Former Alaska governor Sarah Palin tweeted a word ...
When:
These words became top lookups on Merriam-Webster
beginning July 19, 2010.
Why:
On July 18, former Alaska governor
Sarah Palin tweeted a word that isn't in any dictionary:
Ground Zero Mosque supporters:
doesn't it stab you in the heart,
as it does ours throughout the heartland?
Peaceful Muslims, pls refudiate
Gov. Palin's coinage attracted interest in the twowords
that seemed to have been blended into refudiate.
Refute and repudiate have related meanings, and sound alike.
Refute means "to deny something by providing evidence
that proves it is false or incorrect";
repudiate means "to reject something as untrue or unfair."
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Refudiate
“Peaceful Muslims, pls refudiate”
— Sarah Palin, in a tweet, 18 July 2010
About the Word:
Back in 2010, Sarah Palin brought to the forefront
of national discourse the topics of neologisms, portmanteaus,
and linguistic slips when she used the word refudiate
a handful of times in various contexts.
Many were agog at the notion
that anyone could misuse refute or repudiate
(the words she was assumed to be combining),
even though neither is particularly common.
Palin, for her part, defended herself on Twitter,
noting that English is a living language,
and that Shakespeare was rather fond of coining new words as well.
This did little to assuage her critics.
She could have pointed out that
she was hardly the first person to use this word.
A 1907 headline in The Evansville (Indiana) Courier read
‘Said Hughes Got Aid From the National Administration and RefudiatedIt.’
Numerous other instances of refudiatehave been found in the 20th century, in a wide variety of settings.
It can even be found in academic texts:
the journal Archaeology had an article published in 1978 by William Rathje (who received his PhD from Harvard) which contained the line
“A further pitfall in refudiating von Däniken's theories is our own lack of experience with certain simple tasks.”
None of these previous users of refudiate attracted nearly the attention that Palin did, and the word, for its part, appears to have little chance of seeing enough continued use to make it a longstanding member of our language.
Definition:
apparently to both refuteand repudiate
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Lookups for refute spiked on March 6, 2017
after FBI director James Comey directed the Justice Department
to publicly reject President Trump’s claim thatPresident Obama had ordered phone lines at Trump Tower to be tappedduring last year’s election campaign.
Refute was used in many headlinesand articles reporting the story,
such as this one from The Washington Post:
FBI Director Comey asked Justice officials to refuteTrump’s unproven wiretapping claim
Refute means “to prove wrong by argument or evidence,”
“to show to be false or erroneous,”
and can also mean “to deny the truth or accuracy of.”
It comes from the French verb refuter which traces back to the Latin verb refutare, meaning “to check,” “to suppress,” or “to refute.”
The Latin root -futare meant “to beat”
and is also the origin of the related word, confute,
which means “to overwhelm in argument” or “to refute conclusively.”
The original meaning of refute,
“to prove wrong” or “to show to be false or erroneous”
(as in “The lawyer refuted the testimony of the witness”),
dates to the early 1500s.
The meaning used in this instance, “to deny”
(as in “They refuted the allegations against them”)
first appeared in the late 1800s
and is sometimes considered a mistake by usage commentators.
This use is very common, however, and is frequently used by journalists
in reporting the emphatic denials issued by those accused of wrongdoing.
