2020-09-05
170809-1 คำชวนสับสน ในการใช้ ชุด C – Credible & creditable & credulous
การใช้ภาษาอังกฤษ ที่ถือว่า ถูกต้อง ในที่นี้ เป็นไป ตามมาตรฐาน ของภาษา
ภาษาอังกฤษ ไม่กำหนดมาตฐาน ถือตามส่วนใหญ่ ที่ใช้แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจยืดหยุ่น ขึ้นอยู่กับ ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง “credible” = “KRED-uh-buh l”
ออกเสียง “creditable” = “KRED-i-tuh-buh- l”
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Did You Know?
Credible evidenceis evidence that's likely to be believed.
A credible plan is one that might actually work,
and a credible excuse is one your parents might actually believe.
And just as credible means "believable",
the noun credibility means "believability".
(But we no longer use incredible to mean the literal opposite of credible, just as we no longer use unbelievable as the literal opposite of believable.)
Since cred is short for credibility, "street cred" is the kind of credibility among tough young people that you can only get by proving yourself on the mean streets of the inner city.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Usage Notes
Does 'Incredible' Mean 'Not Credible'?
What to Know
The in- prefix in incredible didinitially imply "not,"
as the original definition of incredible was "too extraordinary to be believed," thus "not credible."
However, over time the meaning of incredible weakened
and is now taken to mean "amazing."
This is similar to the weakening of the word unbelievable.
Original Meaning of 'Incredible'
When incredible first began being used, in the 15th century,
it was with the meaning “too extraordinary and improbable to be believed.”
It did not take long for writers to begin using the word in a slightly weakened sense.
Not as much weakened as ‘my brunch was simply incredible,’
but enough so that it can be interpreted more to mean “amazing” than “unable to be believed.”
Unbelievable' Has Taken a Similar Path
Similarly to incredible,
unbelievable started off meaning “too improbable for belief,”
before taking on a somewhat weakened sense.
Despite the fact that unbelievable and incredible are a bit flexible,
not all words in English that are composed of {a negative prefix} + {an adjective referring to belief} have broadened in similar manner.
Incredulous still largely refers to not being credulous,
and implausible almost always is restricted to meaning “not plausible.”
So for those who have managed to work out all the roles played by in-, there is a wild card:
any of the words using this as a negative prefix may slip from their semantic moorings.
Another one of the things that makes English an incredible language.
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expressions
อธิบาย ความหมาย “credible” คือ
“believable”= “น่าจะเชื่อได้” หรือ
“worthy/capable of confidence and belief”=
“มีค่า/สามารถ เชื่อ/มั่นใจได้” หรือ
“trustworthy”= “เชื่อถือได้” เช่น
‘The jury found the witness’s statement credible.’
‘It is just not crediblethat she would cheat.’
คำตรงข้าม หรือปฏิเสธ ต่อ “credible” คือ “incredible” เช่น
‘It seemed incrediblethat she had been there a week already.’
ส่วน “creditable” หมายถึง
“deserving credit”= “สมควรได้รับความเชื่อถือ” หรือ
“bringing/deserving credit/esteem/honor”=
“นำมา/น่าไดัรับ ความเชื่อถือ/นับถือ/เกียรติ” เช่น
‘His performance during the game was entirely creditable.’
‘The student’s effort on the essay—though not outstanding—was creditable.’
คำตรงข้ามของ “creditable” คือ “discreditable” เช่น
‘His marks were not at all discreditable.’
อีกคำในกลุ่มเดียวกัน คือ “credulous” ที่ใช้น้อย หมายถึง
“willing to believe too easily”= “หูเบา/เชื่อง่าย” เช่น
‘So credulous he believes everything he reads.’
มีคำตรงข้ามคือ “incredulous” เช่น
‘An incredulouslook.’
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Usage Notes
The Difference Between "Credulous" and "Credible"
The Latin verb credere, meaning "to believe or trust,"
is the source of a plethora of English words
pertaining to belief and trust, including creed, credence, credo, and credit.
Trust works two ways, and maybe that's why some credere-derived words are liable to be confused with one another.
Take, for example, credible and credulous.
Credible describes a person or thing (such as a claim) that is likely to be believed or worthy of being believed:
Credible is a synonym of plausible and of course, is related to incredible,
a word that sees more frequent use in describing something
so amazing as to not be believed
(as in "an incredible sunset" or "an incredible coincidence").
Credulous, meanwhile, means "ready to believe especially on slight or uncertain evidence" or "proceeding from such a readiness to believe":
Credulous has a close synonym in gullible, a word that, despite rumors to the contrary, is indeed in the dictionary.
A third word that gets tossed into the mix is creditable,
which, like credible, can also mean "worthy of belief":
But creditable can also mean "sufficiently good to bring esteem or praise":
Both words can be used to describe things that, rather than deserve belief, deserve an acknowledgment of credit, the kind we speak of when we say "She was given credit for her contributions."
So, if you were to say that credible could be conflated with creditable,
we'd say that's a credible theory.