2023-05-24 ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด I – Involuntary – voluntary

Revision I

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Dictionary.com

ออกเสียง Involuntary = ‘in-VOL-uhn-ter-ee’

ออกเสียง voluntary = ‘VOL-uhn-ter-ee’

 

Dictionary of Problem Words and Expression

Involuntary & voluntary

The meaning of these words 

are so often different 

that they should never be confused, 

but they often are.

Involuntary means 

“unintentional” or 

“unconscious” 

(an Involuntary movement of the eyes); 

“independent of one’s will,” 

“made or done other than by one’s own choice” 

(an Involuntary witness to the crime).

 

Voluntary means 

“undertaken or brought about 

by one’s own choice, one’s free will 

(a voluntary contribution to the campaign); 

“according to one’s own will or desires.”

(voluntary cooperation with the police).

Voluntary implies the previous use of judgment and consideration (a voluntary admission of guilt); 

 

Involuntary implies lack of conscious control 

and is direct opposite of intentional 

(Involuntary twitching of tired muscles).

 

Dictionary.com

SYNONYM STUDY FOR VOLUNTARY

Voluntary, spontaneous agree in applying to 

something that is a natural outgrowth 

or natural expression arising from circumstances and conditions.

 

Voluntary implies having given previous consideration, 

or having exercised judgment: 

a voluntary confession; a voluntary movement; 

The offer was a voluntary one.

 

Something that is spontaneous arises 

as if by itself from the nature of the circumstances or condition: 

spontaneous applause, combustion, expression of admiration.

 

American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language,

vol′un·tar′i·ly (-târ′ə-lē) adv.

vol′un·tar′i·ness n.

Synonyms: 

voluntary, intentional, deliberate, willful, willing

These adjectives mean 

being or resulting from one's own free will. 

 

Voluntary implies the operation of unforced choice: 

Ignorance, when it is voluntary, is criminal" (Samuel Johnson).

Intentional applies to something undertaken 

to further a plan or realize an aim: 

"I will abstain from all intentional wrongdoing and harm" (Hippocratic Oath).
Deliberate stresses premeditation and full awareness 

of the character and consequences of one's acts: 

taking deliberate and decisive action. 

 

Willful implies deliberate, headstrong persistence 

in a self-determined course of action: 

a willful waste of time. 

 

Willing suggests ready or cheerful acquiescence 

in the proposals or requirements of another: 

"The first requisite of a good citizen ... 

is that he shall be able and willing to pull his weight" 

(Theodore Roosevelt).

 

Merriam-Webster Dictionary

Choose the Right Synonym for voluntary

VOLUNTARY, INTENTIONAL, and DELIBERATE 

mean done or brought about by choice.

 

VOLUNTARY is used of an act that 

results from freedom of will.  

Joining the club is voluntary.  

It can also be used of an act that is controlled by the will.  

Blinking the eyes can be a voluntary movement.  

 

INTENTIONAL is used of something that is done for a reason and only after some thought.  

Her neglect of the task was intentional. 

 

DELIBERATE is used of an act that is done purposefully 

and with full understanding of the likely results.  

It was a deliberate insult.