2021-03-23
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด W – whence & whither
แนะนำการใช้ ตามที่ส่วนใหญ่ใช้ แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจผันแปร ตาม ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง whence = ‘HWENS’ or ‘WENS’
ออกเสียง whither = ‘HWITH-er’ or ‘WITH-er’
Dictionary.com &
Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary
USAGE NOTE FOR WHENCE
Although sometimes criticized as redundant
on the grounds that “from”
is impliedby the word whence,
the idiom from whence is oldin the language,
well established, and standard.
Among its users are the King James Bible, Shakespeare, Dryden, and Dickens: Hilary finally settled in Paris, from whence she bombarded us with letters, postcards, and sketches.
From thence, a parallel construction, occurs infrequently.
Both are easy to avoid if desired.
Collins English Usage
From whence
Usage:
The expression from whence should be avoided,
since whence already means from which place:
the tradition whence (not from whence) such ideas flowed
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language,
From whence
Usage Note:
The construction from whence has been criticized
as redundant since the 1700s.
It is true that whence incorporates the sense of from:
a remote village, whence little news reached the wider world.
But from whence has been used steadily
by reputable writerssince the 1300s,
among them Shakespeare, John Milton, Jane Austen,
and the translators of the King James Bible:
"I will lift up mine eyes unto the hills, from whence cometh my help" (Psalms).
Such a respectable precedent
makes it difficult to label the construction,
which is fairly rare and very formal in any case, as incorrect.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Usage Notes
Is it Wrongto Say 'From Whence'?
The word means "from what place, source, or cause"
30 Nov 2020
Whence means "from what place, source, or cause."
Does that mean that saying "from whence" is wrong?
Samuel Johnson, shown here grimacing at a contemporary's use of the phrase 'from whence', called it "a vitious mode of speech."
Samuel Johnson certainly seemed to think so.
In his 1755 A Dictionary of the English Language,
he called from whence "a vitious mode of speech."
That was no compliment,
although vicious, as we now spell it, was a bit milder then;
it mostly described very bad habits.
The from whence habit was one that Johnson himself
occasionally fell into, if you believe his biographer:
There is nothing served about there; neither tea, nor coffee, nor lemonade, nor anything whatever; and depend upon it, Sir, a man does not love to go to a place from whence he comes out exactly as he went in — Samuel Johnson, quoted in Boswell's The Life of Samuel Johnson, 1791
Poor Sam. We hope he wouldn't be too hard on himself about it. The fact is that he was in good company. Many well-regarded writers before and after Johnson have used from whence:
Let them be whipp'd through every market town till they come to Berwick, from whence they came. — Shakespeare, Henry VI, part 2, 1592
… Sittingbourne, from whence we had a famous pair of horses … — Jane Austen, letter, 24 Oct. 1798
… addressed to this place, from whence it will be forwarded to me … — Lord Byron, letter, 31 Aug. 1809
Some of these same writers sometimes preferred the bare adverb:
… off the Isle of Cyprus . . . whence they were to sail in a day or two … — Jane Austen, letter, 1 Nov. 1800
… on my way to Constantinople, whence I have written you … —Lord Byron, letter, 30 July 1810
As in centuries past, whence in the 21st is sometimes found with from and sometimes not:
During an annual trip to the South by Southwest music festival in Austin, Texas, they heard a band they liked. From whence had this up-and-comer come? San Francisco. — Chloe Roth, The San Francisco Chronicle, 4 Aug. 2011
Your choice of words can reveal a lot about where you come from. But a new study shows that your speed and cadence of words can also be used to tell from whence you hail … — Marissa Fessenden, Smithsonian.com, 5 Feb. 2016
A half-hour later she was onstage, strutting around in a sequined catsuit, shot back into the orbit from whence she came. — David Amsden, W Magazine, 3 Feb. 2016
The beautifully complex beef stew takes its name from the region in east-central France whence it originated. — Ratha Tep, The Wall Street Journal 19 Jan. 2013
The departure of the Rams to Los Angeles, whence they came two decades ago, is something for the city’s residents to cheer, not bemoan. — Joe Nocera, The New York Times, 15 Jan. 2016
In a Newfoundland book she read that a boy's mother told him people's freckles washed off in protracted rains; the freckles floated in puddles whence unwise children filled up on them and spoiled their dinners. — Annie Dillard, Harper's, November 2003
The fact is that both the phrase and the bare adverb
have been used for centuries, and there is nothing wrong with either.
Whatever the condemnations that sometimes are made,
from whence is well established,
and you should feel free to use it, or not.
We won't think you vicious either way.
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expressions
whence & whither
These somewhat old-fashioned words
contain the idea of “from” or “to”
Whence means “from which place” or “from which position.”
Whither means “to what place, condition, or position.”
Few occasionsarise for the use of either whence or whither,
but when one of the other is needed,
omit fromor to:
“whence have you come?”
“Whither are you going?”
