2021-03-23
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด W – when & where
แนะนำการใช้ ตามที่ส่วนใหญ่ใช้ แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจผันแปร ตาม ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง when = (See 689683 for detail of when)
ออกเสียง where = ‘HWAIR’ or “WAIR’
Dictionary.com
USAGE NOTE FOR WHERE
Where … at ( Where was he at? ) and
where … to ( Where is this leading to? )
are often criticizedas redundant
because neither at nor to adds anything
tothe meaning of where,
and sentences like the preceding ones are perfectly clear
and standard without the final at or to.
This criticism does not apply to where … from,
which is fully standard:
Where does the money come from?
The constructions where … at and where … to
occur in the speech of educated people
but are rarein formal speech and edited writing.
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language,
Where
Usage Note:
When where is used to refer to a point of origin,
the preposition from is required:
Where did she come from?
From whereI sit, the situation looks bleak.
When it is used to refer to a destination,
the preposition to is generally superfluous:
Whereis she going (rather than Where is she going to)?
The place where they are going is beautiful.
When it is used to refer to the location of a person, event, or structure,
the use of at is widely regarded as regional or colloquial:
Where is the station (not Where is the station at)?
Where is also used to mean "in which" as in
Show me an example where government intervention in the market has worked.
The Usage Panel has mixed feelings about this.
In our 2001 survey, 60 percent accepted the example just given,
but only 44 percent accepted
Sometimes the discussion degenerates into a situation where each person accuses the other of being illogical.
These usages probably derive from the positional use of where
in sentences like
He went to the house where the money kept and
We hid the present in the closet where we hang our coats.
These positional usagesare standard,
but in all of these instances,
where can be safely and clearly replaced by in which.
Where is also used in instances where that might normally be expected,
as in I don't see where they had much choice but to give up.
The Usage Panel has less fondness for this usage.
Only 30 percent of the Panel accepted this sentence in our 2001 survey.
See Usage Note at why.
Collins English Usage
Where
Usage:
It was formerly considered incorrect to use
where as a substitute for in which after a noun
which did not refer to a place orposition,
but this use has now become acceptable:
we now have a situation where/in which no further action is needed
Collins COBUILD English Usage
where
1. used in questions
You use where to ask questions about place or position.
Where's Dad?
Where does she live?
You also use where to ask about the place that
someone or somethingis coming from or going to.
Where are you going?
Where does all this anger come from?
2. used in place clauses
You use where in place clauses
when you are talking about the placeor position
in which someone orsomething is.
He said he was happy where he was.
He dropped the ball and left it where it lay.
A place clauseusually goes after the main clause.
However, in stories, the place clause can be put first.
Where the house had once stood, there was an empty space.
Where the sun touched the water it shone like gold.
3. used in reported clauses
Where is often used in reported clauses.
I think I know where we are.
I asked someone where the nearest hotel was.
4. used in relative clauses
Where is often used in non-defining relative clauses.
He comes from Canterbury, where the famous cathedral is.
She went into the art room, where the brushes and paint had been set out.
Where can also be used in defining relative clauses
after place orafter a word such as room or street.
Will you show me the place where you work?
The room where I did my homework was too noisy.
Where can also be used in defining clauses
after words such as situation and stage.
We have a situation where people feel afraid of going out.
I've reached the point where I'm ready to retire.
5. used with'possible' and 'necessary'
Where is sometimes used in front of adjectives
such as possible and necessary.
When it is used like this,
it has a similar meaning to 'when' or'whenever'.
Where possible, friends will be put in the same class.
Help must be given where necessary.
Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary
Where
usage:
The constructions where… at (Where was he at?)
and where… to (Where is this leading to?)
are often criticized on the grounds that
neither at nor to adds anything to the meaning of where,
and that sentences like those above are perfectly clear
without the final at or to.
Both constructions occur in the speech of educated people
but are rare in formal speech and edited writing.
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expressions
When & where
The objection to is when and is where
may or may not be based on grammatical grounds,
but unquestionablyboth phrases are childish, immature, and overused.
A further objectionis that
when and whereare often used in situations
where their meaningsare not applicable.
For example,
when has a meaning of time and is illogical in a sentence
such as
“This plan is when they refuse to let anyone under sixteen enter the theater.
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expressions
Where
Where is nonstandard as a conjunction equivalent to that.
Use that instead of where in such statements as
“I see where the Senate is going to recess.” and
“Jim read where his favorite team had lost two straight games.”
Where at (Where at
is the house?) is a wordy, illiterate phrase. Omit at.
