2021-03-04 ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด V – vanity & vainness
2021-03-04
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด V – vanity & vainness
แนะนำการใช้ ตามที่ส่วนใหญ่ใช้ แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจผันแปร ตาม ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง vanity = ‘VAN-i-tee’
ออกเสียง vainness = ‘VEYN-nes’
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Vanity vs. Pride
People often turn to the dictionary
in search of the minute and subtle differences
between two similar words.
The closely related duo of vanity and pride,
which overlap significantly in some respects yet differ in others,
offer one such example.
Putting aside such uses as
pride referring to “a company of lions” and
vanity meaning “a dressing table,”
each of these words may refer to a state of excessive self-esteem.
However, pride may also signify a feeling of satisfaction or happiness
(either in oneself or on behalf of others)
based on something that is well done;
vanity is unlikely to be used in this manner.
For a well-worded explanation of this distinction,
we might look to Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice,
in which the character Mary opines:
“Vanity and pride are different things, though the words are often used synonymously.
A person may be proud without being vain.
Pride relates more to our opinion of ourselves,
vanity to what we would have others think of us.”
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Usage Notes
Keeping 'Vane,' 'Vain,' and 'Vein' Properly Circulating
And some idioms in the same vein
What to Know
Vane almost exclusively refers to a piece of metal that spins on an axis,
like a weather vane.
The homophone vain is typically an adjective
meaning "prideful" or "conceited,"
but is also heard in the phrase in vain,
meaning "tried without success" or "pointless."
Lastly, vein often refers to tubes that carry blood,
and in the same vein is a phrase used figuratively
when multiple things follow the same line of thought or action.
Many sounds in the English language
are represented in writing in multiple ways.
Take, for example,
the long \a\ in vane, vain, and vein
written in the sound pictures "a-e," "ai," and "ei."
These homophones are spelled differently,
which helps distinguish them in meaning
(at least for those familiar with their meanings).
Another homophonic trio
of different long \a\ representation are mane, main, and mein
(as in chow mein or lo mein).
Because vane, vain, and vein are pronounced the same,
choosing the correct word might cause hesitation for some writers and result in a wrong choice.
[Nualphan] Lamsam believes her efforts over her eights years at the helm were not in vein. "I want to establish pride and make everyone know about our Thai women's football team," she said. "Although football is the popular sport worldwide, it only referred to men's games in Thailand."
— CNN, 11 June 2020
In coverage Tyree caught the ball and cradled it against his helmet keeping the ball from touching the ground as he fell backwards. A review of the play showed Tyree holding the ball tightly and keeping it off the ground even as the Patriot defender tried in vane to rip it away.
— Phinphanatic.com, 3 Feb. 2019
"In" or "Along" the Same Vein
This orthographic dilemma inevitably occurs with the idiomatic prepositional phrase
in the same vein and its variant form, along the same vein,
which doesn't exactly line up with the original
but is generally accepted.
The phrases imply sameness or similarity.
The anonymous Trump administration official who authored a 2018 New York Times op-ed critical of the president, has now released a book in the same vain.
— Cleveland.com, 19 Nov. 2019
Here are examples of correct usage.
Whether you like it or not, Warner Bros. is still developing a new Gremlins movie. Once rumored to be a remake of the original 1984 horror comedy, recent details have pegged the film as more of a reboot/sequel in the same vein as Jurassic World.
— Ethan Anderson, Slashfilm.com, 6 Feb. 2016
Typically, come springtime, hundreds of WNYers prepare to participate in neighborhood cleanup efforts, including beach sweeps. As this is not possible in 2020, due to COVID-19, organizations such as Buffalo Niagara Waterkeeper are asking individuals to take part in Solo Sweeps. The idea is along the same vein, but instead of gather together to clean up beaches, and other parts of the city and suburbs, people are asked to pick up litter when they are out walking about.…
— Newell Nussbaumer, Buffalo Rising, 21 Apr 2020
In addition to wearing repellent, it can be helpful to wear a hat, which will prevent black flies from crawling into your hair and biting your scalp. Glasses or sunglasses are also a good choice, as they will shield your eyes, which black flies tend to be drawn to. Along the same vein, clothing can help protect you from black flies.
— Aislinn Sarnacki, The Bangor Daily News, 12 May 2020
The preposition substitution does raise some eyebrows to those familiar with in the same vein.
However, before we talk about the idioms more, a word on the homophones and their individual meanings.
'Vane' Meaning and Usage
Rote memorization of spelling and of the particular word's part of speech, meaning, and etymology is recommended to distinguish vane, vain, and vein in standard use (and in idiom).
Vane is a noun that goes back to Old English fana and fane,
meaning "banner," and broadly refers to a thin, flat or curved object that rotates about an axis,
such as a weather vane on the roof of a barn
or a vane of a windmill driven by wind.
'Vain' and 'In Vain' Meaning and Usage
Vain is an adjective denoting being too proud or being conceited
("he is vain about his appearance")
or being unsuccessful or useless
("a vain attempt at catching up with the bus").
As a noun, it is fossilized in the adverbial phrase "in vain,"
which means "without success or without producing a good or desired result"
("they searched in vain for the missing earring").
It also appears in the idiom "to take someone's name in vain,"
meaning "to use (a name, especially the name of God) in a way that does not show proper respect."
"If you want to cross a river over some troubled waters, you build bridge, you don't blow one up," said Klobuchar, arguing that Sanders's Medicare-for-all plans amounted to destruction of Obamacare. ... "She took my name in vain," replied Sanders, somewhat lightheartedly, before defending his plan.
— Sean Sullivan, The Washington Post, 19 Dec. 2019
In vain also suggests, often in negative constructions,
that something is pointless or useless ("heroes who did not die in vain").
This vain is from Latin vānus, meaning "lacking content," "empty,"
or "marked by foolish or empty pride."
Its Middle English forebearer is veyn,
a borrowing of Anglo-French vain and vein of similar meaning.
'Vein' Meaning and Usage
The third homophone, vein, is spelled veyne in Middle English.
It is in the bloodline of Latin vēna, meaning "blood vessel" or "channel,"
senses that the English word still carries along with extended meanings.
In particular, vein designates the anatomical tube that carries blood from the body back to the heart,
the lines on the surface of a leaf or an insect's wing,
or a streak in some material
(as "the greenish veins running through the marble" or "veins of coal in the mine").
Figuratively, it denotes a strain of distinctive style
or particular quality as well as a line of thought or action
("his stories are in the Gothic vein"; "ideas in the same vein").
More on Idioms
Spelling, meaning, origin, usage … check, check, check, and check. Hopefully, that explanation on the homophones was not in vain.
Now for the idioms.
In the same vein is the firmly established phrase,
but it has become conflated with the expression
along the same line to form along the same vein.
The mixing of the prepositional phrases
may stem from the meanings and usage of their base words.
Line is used in a couple of collocations beginning with along
that refer to the similarity of things.
To apply, you need identification,
something along the lines of a driver's license.
She said she was too busy to help, or something along those lines.
Additionally,
being in line suggests following someone or something else
and being in line with
or being brought into line implies agreement.
And along the line connotes proximity
in being part of a process or series of events,
as in "He picked up an interest in jazz somewhere along the line."
These extended uses of line
and the fact that vein refers to internal lines
and has earlier figurative use referring to sameness and closeness
seem to have influenced the formation
of the variant along the same vein.
At the heart, in the same vein
(or variously in a similar vein or in that/this vein) emphasizes sameness
whereas along the same vein implies closeness.
Literally, in means being inside; metaphorically,
in the same vein means being intrinsically the same.
Along the same vein is a hybrid that may communicate sameness
but may also imply that things have a degree of similarity
—that is, they are "along in the lines of" something else.
Obviously, there is a fluid fine line in meaning between these phrases
that has been crossed many times and will continue to be without notice, but the original expression for conveying sameness is in the same vein.
That phrase and along the same vein are,
indeed, along the same vein but—it can be argued—not in the same vein.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Choose the Right Synonym for vain
mean producing no result.
FUTILE may connote completeness of failure or unwisdom of undertaking.
resistance had proved so futile that surrender was the only choice left
VAIN usually implies simple failure to achieve a desired result.
a vain attempt to get the car started
but often suggests long and arduous effort or severe disappointment.
fruitless efforts to obtain a lasting peace
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expressions
vanity & vainness
Vanity means
“excessive pride,”
“lofty opinion of one’s abilities, appearance, dress, and achievements”:
“His loss in the election was a blow to his vanity.”
Vanity also has a meaning of
“worthlessness,”
“something lacking in value”:
“He indulged in the vanity of a self-centered life.”
Related words include ostentation, pride, egotism, vainglory, complacency, conceit, self-esteem, and self-admiration.
Vainness, as well as the adjectival form vain,
is an uncommonly used synonym for vanity,
particularly in the meaning of” valueless,” “worthless,” “baseness”:
“This pageantry is a show of pomp and vainness.”
Words related to vainness and vain in their basic meaning
are trifling, trivial, futile, nugatory, profitless, and useless.
ความเห็น (0)
ไม่มีความเห็น