2021-01-31
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด S – some & somewhat
แนะนำการใช้ ตามที่ส่วนใหญ่ใช้ แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจผันแปร ตาม ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง Some = ‘SUHM” unstressed
ออกเสียง somewhat = ‘SUHM-hwot’
Abused, Confused, & Misused Words by Mary Embree
Some = remarkable: That was some thunder storm.;
unspecified quantity: I’d like some candy.
Not to be confused with:
sum = a quantity obtained by addition:
The sum of 13 and 20 is 33.; the final aggregate
Dictionary.com
WORDS OFTEN CONFUSED WITH SOME
As pronouns,
both some and any may be used in affirmative or negative questions:
Will you ( won't you ) have some?
Do you ( don't you ) have any?
But some is used in affirmative statements and answers:
You may have some.
Yes, I'd like some.
And in negative statements and answers,
any is the usual choice:
I don't care for any. No, I can't take any.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Using Some as an Adverb: Usage Guide
Adverb
When some is used to modify a number,
it is almost always a round number
a community of some 150,000 inhabitants
but because some is slightly more emphatic than about or approximately
it is occasionally used with a more exact number in an intensive function.
an expert parachutist, he has some 115 jumps to his credit
— Current Biography
When some is used without a number,
most commentators feel that somewhat is to be preferred.
Their advice is an oversimplification,
however; only when some modifies an adjective,
usually a comparative,
will somewhat always substitute smoothly.
When some modifies a verb or adverb,
and especially when it follows a verb,
substitution of somewhat may prove awkward.
Italy forced me to grow up some — E. W. Brooke
I'm not a prude; I've been around some in my day
— Roy Rogers here in Newport, both Southern Cross and Courageous practiced some more — W. N. Wallace
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Usage Notes
How and When to Use 'Sometime'and 'Anytime'
As opposed to 'some time' and 'any time'
Have you ever found yourself churning out a report or essay,
thoughts flowing, fingers scurrying along the keyboard,
and then you stumble over a spelling of a word?
But that word isn't something like eudaemonic,
it is the everyday sometime or anytime.
"Do I use the closed or open spelling?,"
you ask yourself.
Your brain is addled, and you are left staring at your screen,
hopelessly trying to puzzle out which one to use.
We're here to lessen this writerly stress and
help you confidently apply the right spellings in your writing
in this two-part lesson on sometime/some time and anytime/any time.
The adverb sometime can mean either "at some time in the future"
or "at some not specified or definitely known point of time in the past."
Affixing an "s" to the word forms the adverb sometimes,
meaning "at certain times" or "occasionally."
Sometime written as an open compound
(some time) also has adverbial use, but it is also a standard noun phrase.
As you probably guessed,
it is some time that causes the most confusion to writers and editors.
The adverb sometime is a closed compound of some,
which indicates an unspecified amount or number,
and time ("We should get together sometime";
"They arrived sometime late last night").
The phrase "some time" is also used adverbially.
Consider the sentence, "He arrived some time ago."
The difference between "sometime last night"
and "some time ago" may not be instantly apparent,
since both phrases have an adverbial function
—they indicate the time, though unspecified, of arriving.
(Refresher: adverbs indicate the time, manner, place,
or degree of a verb, adjective, or another adverb.)
In "some time ago," however,
some and time still function within the phrase itself
and that duo works together as a noun phrase.
A common use of some time as a true noun phrase
is when it follows a preposition
and functions as the object of a prepositional phrase,
which is always a noun or noun phrase ("She stayed for some time").
In "I have some time to help you,"
some time functions as a modified noun
—together the words indicate what the subject "I" possesses (or has).
An easy way to tell if some and time
should be written as one word or two
is to insert quite before some and see if the passage still makes sense.
If it does, some and time should be written separately:
"We haven't seen them for quite some time";
"He arrived quite some time ago."
If it does not (as in "He arrived quite sometime last night"),
sometime is the correct choice.
In addition, some time can be replaced with phrases like
"a short time" or "a long time,"
and substituting such a phrase in the sentence
can help determine which spelling to use.
For example, in "We will arrange to meet some time next week,"
"a short/long time" is not substitutable for "some time,"
so sometime is the correct choice.
On the other hand, in "It will take some time to fix,"
the substitution fits, so some time is correct.
Use of sometimes is rather uncomplicated.
The adverb is written as one word ("We all make mistakes sometimes").
You might also come across some times as a noun phrase following a preposition.
With what time he has left, the "maverick"—an appellation he has worn throughout his career, at some times more comfortably than at others—is going to put country first and tell the truth.
— James Hohmann, The Washington Post, 23 May 2018
(Sorry, no breaks between lessons. Okay, fine, you can go get a snack. But hurry right back.)
The adverb anytime means "at any time (whatever),"
and it is generally written as one word.
It does also occur, however,
as an adverbial phrase composed of the adjective any,
which is used to indicate a person or thing
that is not particular or specific,
and the noun time, and, like some time, any time
can function as a standard noun phrase.
The combination of the adverbs anytime and anywhere
has become common in both speech and writing.
A rather famous example is from film director Martin Scorsese's Travis Bickle (played by Robert De Niro) in Taxi Driver (1976), who says to his personnel officer, "I'll work anytime, anywhere." More everyday examples of anytime are "The taxi should be here anytime now" (when it arrives, be sure to check out the cabbie); "The situation doesn't seem like it will improve anytime soon"; "You can contact me anytime after 4." In all these examples, the definition "at any time" is substitutable for anytime.
When you encounter the phrase any time,
look to see if it follows a preposition.
If it does, it is the object of a prepositional phrase
and, therefore, it is considered a noun phrase
(yes, we're teaching by repetition),
as in "You can get breakfast at any time of the day."
It also functions as a regular noun.
For example, in "The team does not have any time to spare,"
any is solely working as an adjective modifying the noun time.
Adverbial any time is often used in place of anytime.
In both of these examples “any time” can be replaced with “at any time”:
… the workspaces look like a perfect environment that isn’t going to be replicated any time soon in many corporate offices worldwide.
— Tom Warren, The Verge, 6 Mar., 2017
According to MLB rules, Dominican prospects are free agents, not subject to an entry draft. They can sign with teams any time after their 16th birthday.
— Bruce Schoenfeld, ESPN, 14 Mar. 2017
If you are unsure about your use of anytime,
you can either plug in the adverb's definition
and see if it makes sense, or you can play it safe and use any time
— and anytime, for that matter, since it has acceptable use as both a noun and adverb phrase.
In sum, although there is no difference in the closed
and open spellings of sometime and anytime in speech,
there is on the screen and page.
The closed spellings are the true adverbs,
but the open spellings also have adverbial use.
Some time and any time are noun phrases,
which are most recognizable when they are preceded by a preposition,
but take away that preposition and they function as adverbs.
Finally, some/any and time can be adjacent in a sentence
without being adverbial or an object of a prepositional phrase;
they can just be what they are, an adjective and a noun.
We've been lecturing for some time now—class dismissed.
Collins COBUILD English Usage
1. used as a determiner
You use some in front of the plural form of a noun
to talk about a number of people or things,
without saying who or what they are, or how many of them there are.
Some children were playing in the yard.
I have some important things to tell them.
You can also use some in front of an uncountable noun
to talk about a quantity of something, without saying how much of it there is.
She had a piece of pie and some coffee.
I have some information that might help.
When you use some in front of the plural form of a noun,
you use a plural form of a verb with it.
Some cars were damaged.
Here are some suggestions.
When you use some in front of an uncountable noun,
you use a singular form of a verb with it.
Some action is necessary.
There's some cheese in the fridge.
Be Careful!
Don't use some as part of the object of a negative sentence.
Don't say, for example, 'I don't have some money'.
You say 'I don't have any money'.
I hadn't had any breakfast.
It won't do any good.
2. used as a quantity word
You use some of in front of a plural noun phrase
beginning with the, these, those, or a possessive.
You do this to talk about a number of people
or things belonging to a particular group.
Some of the smaller companies have gone out of business.
Some of these people have young children.
We read some of Edgar Allen Poe's stories.
You use some of in front of a singular noun phrase
beginning with the, this, that,
or a possessive to talk about a part of something.
We did some of the journey by bus.
He had lost some of his money.
You can use some of like this in front of plural or singular pronouns.
Some of these are mine.
Some of it is very interesting.
Don't use 'we' or 'they' after some of.
Use us or them.
Some of us found it difficult.
Some of them went for a walk.
3. used as a pronoun
Some can itself be a plural or singular pronoun.
Some activities are very dangerous and some are not so dangerous.
'You'll need some graph paper.' – 'Yeah, I've got some at home.'
4. used in questions
In questions,
you can use either some or any as part of an object.
You use some when you are asking someone to confirm that something is true.
For example,
if you think someone wants to ask you some questions,
you might ask 'Do you have some questions?'
But if you do not know whether they want to ask questions or not,
you would ask 'Do you have any questions?'
Sorry – have I missed out some names?
Were you in any danger?
5. duration
You use some with time or with a word such as hours or months
to say that something lasts for a fairly long time.
You will be unable to drive for some time after the operation.
I did not meet her again for some years.
To refer to a fairly short period of time,
don't use 'some'.
Say a short time or use a few in front of a word
such as hours or months.
Her mother died only a short time later.
You'll be feeling better in a few days.
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expressions
Some & somewhat
Some is an adjective of indefinite number
(some money, some fruit)
Applied adverbially in the sense of somewhat
(“rather,” “to some degree”),
Some is nonstandard.
Say “The patient is somewhat (not some) better today.”
Some is informal or slangy in the sense of “remarkable”:
“He is some swimmer.”
