2020-12-11
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด P – purposely & purposefully
แนะนำการใช้ ตามที่ส่วนใหญ่ใช้ แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจผันแปร ตาม ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง purposely = ‘PUR-puhs-lee’
ออกเสียง purposefully = ‘PUR-puhs-fuhl-ee’
Farlex Trivia Dictionary.
Purposely means "intentionally, on purpose,"
while purposefully means "with a specific purpose or objective in mind."
See also related terms for objective.
Dictionary.com
VOCAB BUILDER
What does purposely mean?
Purposely is used to describe an action done intentionally,
deliberately, or for a specific reason.
The word purposefully means in a determined way
or in a way that’s full of purpose.
It should not be used to mean intentionally or deliberately.
Example: I show up late to parties purposely so I’m not the first one there.
Where does purposely come from?
The first records of purposely come from the late 1400s.
It’s the adverb form of the noun purpose,
meaning “a reason,” “intended result,” or “goal.”
(The adverb-forming suffix -ly is usually added to adjectives,
but in this case it’s added to a noun.)
When purposely means “intentionally” or “deliberately,”
it’s synonymous with the phrase on purpose.
It’s often used to indicate that an action was not accidental.
Sometimes, it might even imply that an action was malicious,
meaning it was done to harm someone,
as in You purposely left that there so I would trip over it!
Purposely is also used to emphasize that
an action was done with a specific purpose,
as in All the paintings have been positioned purposely to recreate the original state of the collection.
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expression
purposely & purposefully
Purposely means “deliberately,” “by design,” “with purpose”:
“She wore that dress purposely to create a sensation.”
“You purposely failed to speak to me on the street.”
Purposefully implies the same idea as purposely
but suggests the presence of determination,
of deliberate and infused purpose:
“He purposefully did everything he could to get me fired.”
Purposely expresses the idea of “not unintentionally”;
Purposefully, a stronger word, means “intentionally.”
Common Errors In English Usage Dictionary
If you do something on purpose (not by accident),
you do it purposely.
But if you have a specific purpose in mind,
you are acting purposefully.
Collins COBUILD English Usage
purposefully - purposely
1. 'purposefully'
If someone does something purposefully,
they do it in a way that suggests that they have a definite purpose
and a strong desire to achieve this purpose.
He strode purposefully towards the barn.
He walked purposefully out through the secretary's office.
2. 'purposely'
If someone does something purposely,
they do it deliberately, rather than by accident or chance.
They are purposely withholding information.
Her voice was purposely low.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Usage Notes
Is It 'Purposely' or 'Purposefully'?
Is 'purposely' a real word?
What to Know
Purposely means "on purpose" or "not by accident,"
while purposefully means "indicating the existence of a purpose."
Although very similar, in context "purposefully"
is usually used to indicate a greater level of intent
or deliberate aim, as opposed to "purposely."
Though the first presidential debate seems like a distant memory at this point,
there was one word during the course of the debate
that threw a bunch of dictionary users for a loop.
Not, not bigly or braggadocious.
It was something that was a little more opaque:
The misconstrued word? Purposely.
Digging deeper,
it appears that many people felt that Trump should have used purposefully instead,
since purposely isn't really a word.
Except, like bigly and braggadocious,
purposely is a word—and a very common one at that.
'Purposely' means "on purpose";
'purposefully' means "indicating the existence of a purpose."
Meaning of Purposefully and Purposely
Purposely came into English in the late 1400s or early 1500s,
right in the middle of an -ly-adverb boom in English.
Its earliest and current meaning is "on purpose, intentionally":
It is ordyned...that no man take any Eyre[r], Gossehauke [etc.] nor purposly drive them oute of their covertes. — Acts of Parliament, 1495
In the second game Jeanette starts burying balls off two and three cushions. Even when she purposely misses, she leaves him blocked in like it's 5 p.m. on an L.A. freeway. — Rick Reilly, Sports Illustrated, 4 July 2005
These two uses are typical, and not rare: purposely has had far more use, historically, than purposefully has (and it still has slightly more use in printed English prose).
Purposefully, on the other hand, is a relative newcomer.
Our earliest evidence for the word currently comes from the mid-1800s,
with the meaning "indicating the existence of a purpose or object," or "not meaningless or aimless," as in "We were purposefully taken to inspect them" (Elizabeth Grant, Memoirs of a Highland Lady, 1854).
So if purposely is actually more common than purposefully,
why did so many people think Trump was making up yet another word?
Likely because the context of his comment seemed to imply something that the word purposely wasn't communicating: determined intention.
Determined Intention
The two words have the same root—purpose—but slightly different meanings.
When used in prose, purposefully seems to connote a determination or intentionality
that purposely does not—to do something purposefully is to do it guided by a deliberate aim:
"I Knew You Were Trouble" audaciously moves into dubstep territory, boasting heavy bass in some parts and vocals that have been purposefully heavily autotuned to sound mechanized.
— The Johns Hopkins News-Letter, 25 Oct. 2012
In common use, purposely seems to lack that level of determination:
She wore a long knit dress that looked purposely homespun and showed off her growing baby bump, with her hair swept behind her in a curling bun.
— Janelle Brown, This Is Where We Live, 2010
In everyday use, purposely is fine to merely show that something was done
or said on purpose (as opposed to accidentally).
But if that thing was done or said with a deliberate aim or intention,
then purposefully is the adverb to use.
