2020-11-18
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด O – obtain & get
การใช้ภาษาอังกฤษ ที่ถือว่า ถูกต้องนี้ เป็นไปตามมาตรฐานการใช้ภาษา
การใช้คำอังกฤษ ไม่กำหนดมาตฐาน ถือตามส่วนใหญ่ที่ใช้แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจยืดหยุ่น ขึ้นอยู่กับ ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง Obtain = ‘uhb-TEYN’
ออกเสียง get = ‘GET’
Dictionary.com
SYNONYM STUDY FOR GET
Get, obtain, acquire, procure, secure
imply gaining possession of something.
Get may apply to coming into possession in any manner, and either voluntarily or not.
Obtain suggests putting forth effortto gain possession, and acquire stresses the possessingafter an (often prolonged) effort.
Procure suggests the method of obtaining, as that of search or choice.
Secure, considered in bad taste as a would-be-elegant substitute for get, is, however, when used with discrimination, a perfectly proper word. It suggests making possession sure and safe, after obtaining something by competition or the like.
Dictionary.com
USAGE NOTE FOR GET
For nearly 400 years, forms of get have been used with a following past participle to form the passive voice:
She got engaged when she was 19.
He won't get accepted with those grades.
This use of get rather than of forms of to be in the passive
is found today chiefly in speech and informal writing.
In British English got is the regularpast participle of get,
and gotten survives only in a few set phrases,
such as ill-gotten gains.
In American English gotten, although occasionally criticized,
is an alternative standard past participle in mostsenses,
especially in the senses “to receive” or “to acquire”:
I have gotten (or got) all that I ever hoped for.
Have or has got in the sense “must”
has been in use since the early 19th century;
often the have or has is contracted:
You've got to carry your passport at all times.
The use of have (or has) got in the sense of “to possess”
goes back to the 15th century; it is also frequently contracted:
She's got a master's degree in biology.
These uses are occasionally criticized asredundant on the grounds that have alone expresses the meaning adequately,
but they are well established and fully standardin all varieties of speech and writing.
In some contexts in American English, substituting gotten for got producesa change in meaning:
She's got (possesses) a new job.
She's gotten (has acquired) a new job.
He's got to (must) attend the wedding.
He's gotten to (has been allowed or enabled to) attend.
The children have got (are suffering from) the measles.
The children have gotten (have caught) the measles.
The use of got without have or has to mean “must”
(I got to buy a new suit) is characteristic of the most relaxed, informal speech and does not occur inedited writing except in representations of speech.
Gotta is a pronunciation spelling representing this use.
Dictionary.com
PRONUNCIATION NOTE FOR GET
The pronunciation [git] for get has existed since the 16th century.
The same change is exhibited in [kin] for can and [yit] for yet.
The pronunciation [git] is not regional and occurs in all parts of the country. It is most common as an unstressed syllable:
Let's get going! [letsgit-goh-ing].
In educated speech the pronunciation [git] instressed syllables is rare
and sometimes criticized.
When get is an imperative meaning “leave immediately,”
the pronunciation is usually facetious:
Now get! [nou git].
BRITISH DICTIONARY DEFINITIONS FOR GET
USAGE FOR GET
The use of off after get as in I got this chair off an antique dealer
is acceptable in conversation,
but should not be used in formal writing
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Usage Guide
How do you pronounce get?:
Verb
The pronunciation \ˈgit\ has been noted as a feature of
some British and American dialects since the 16th century.
In the phonetic spelling of his own speech Benjamin Franklin records git.
However, since at least 1687 some grammarians and teachers have disapproved this pronunciation. It nonetheless remains inwidespread and unpredictable use in many dialects, often, but not exclusively, when get is a passive auxiliary (asin get married) or an imperative (as in get up!).
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Words We're Watching
What's a 'Good Get'?
How to use 'get' as a noun
Get and ask, two venerable verbs,
are getting more frequent use as nouns lately.
It might surprise you that,
though both nouns sound like recent jargon
to most people (“a good get,” “what’s the ask?”),
get and ask have beennouns for
as long as they have been verbs in English;
the nouns are just much less common today.
And though ask is most often used
in business and fundraising contexts,
get seems to be used most often in writing
about sports, entertainment, and politics.
As a noun, 'get' is most often used in writing about sports, entertainment, and politics,
where it describes "someone or something gotten or obtained" and "the act of getting or obtaining someone or something."
In its oldest uses, get as a noun could mean “earnings” or “booty,” referring to something that is gained, or “offspring.”
It also means “the return of a difficult shot in a game” in racquet sports, and has done so since the early 20th century.
But more recently, get has been used to mean
both “someone or something gotten or obtained”
and “the act of getting or obtaining someone or something.”
As with ask, get is usually paired with a modifier
such as good, big, great, or huge.
Ask is used in phrases like “a big ask” or “a tough ask,”
meaning that what is being asked for or hoped for is difficult or unlikely.
This use of get seems to have started with
the concrete meaning of “acquisition”:
Full Five-Year Warranty on camera and ULTRALIFE Energy Source. It’s a great gift, and a great “get,” too.
—The Orlando Sentinel, 24 November 1983
It then evolved to mean “the acquisition of a player for a sports team,” a use that has proliferated over time:
He’s a good player. He’ll be a good get for somebody late in the first round. —Philadelphia Daily News, 25 April 1985
"He [Zach Miller] has flashed," coach John Fox said. "He was a guy we heard had a great camp and some of the things we were able to research, he was a good get for us in the offseason. We just need him to stay healthy." —Brad Biggs, 5 June 2015
Adding Kyle Okposo was a huge get for GM Tim Murray and we're going to find out whether Robin Lehner can be the guy in net. —Scott Burnside, ESPN.com, 12 October 2016
This meaning jumped from sports to the hiring of people in other fields:
He talks about food with a style and a passion which exudes experience and knowledge. For Mietta O’Donnell and Mietta’s he is a good “get.”
—The Sunday Age (Melbourne, Australia), 23 December 1990
But Cumberbatch is a very good get, too. Since breaking out internationally with the BBC drama Sherlock, he’s quickly become one of the most in-demand actors working today. —Angie Han, slashfilm.com, 4 September 2013
Amy Adams was a big get because she's basically this generation's Meryl Streep. —Brian Lloyd, entertainment.ie, 5 November 2016
Most recently, it has come to mean “the acquisition of an endorsement” or “the act of securing an engagement for an appearance (as for a speech or interview)”:
I had reconnected with the lust of my life while landing a big get for the magazine. Karen Yampolsky, Falling Out of Fashion, 2007
Clinton was a good get, but if Goldman Sachs could have booked Beyonce for $225,000, maybe it would have. —Editorial, The Chicago Tribune, 28 April 2016
[Adam] Laxalt is an anti-establishment star in the state, the “only one,” in statewide office, said Chuck Muth, a conservative blogger. “Laxalt has developed a very good reputation, as far as among those who vote in caucuses, so this is a good get for Cruz,” he said. —Elena Schneider and Eliza Collins, Politico, 13 January 2016
The U.S. Chamber of Commerce has endorsed Roberson; the Chamber frequently spends huge sums on their favored candidates, so this is a very good get for him. —Daily Kos Elections, 29 April 2016
We’ll soon have the dictionary’s take on both “the ask” and “the get” as we watch for more nouned verbs.
Collins COBUILD English Usage
Get is a very common verb which has several different meanings.
Its past tense is got.
In British English its -ed participle is also got.
American speakers also use got, but they usually use gotten as the -ed participle for meanings 1 to 5 below.
See gotten
1. meaning 'become'
Get is very often used to mean 'become'.
The sun shone and I got very hot.
I was getting quite hungry.
See become
2. used for forming passives
In spoken English and informal writing,
you often use get instead of 'be' to form passives.
My husband got fired from his job.
Our car gets cleaned about once every two months.
Don't use get to form passives in formal English.
3. used for describing movement
You use get instead of 'go'
when you are describing a movement thatinvolves difficulty.
They had to get across the field without being seen.
I don't think we can get over that wall.
Get is also used in front of in, into, on, and out
to talk about entering and leaving vehicles and buildings.
I got into my car and drove into town.
I got out of there as fast as possible.
See go into - get into - get on, go out - get out - get off
4. 'get to'
When you get to a place, you arrive there.
When we got to the top of the hill we had a rest.
Get to is also used in front of a verb
to talk about attitudes, feelings, or knowledge
that someone gradually starts to have.
I got to hate the sound of his voice.
I got to know the town really well.
See get to - grow to
5. transitive uses of 'get'
If you get something, you obtain or receive it.
He's trying to get a new job.
I got the bike for Christmas.
6. 'have got'
Got is also used in the expression have got.
See have got
Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary
get′ta•ble, get′a•ble, adj.
usage: The use of get rather thanof forms of to be in the passive
(He won't get accepted with those grades) is found today chiefly in informal speech and writing.
In American English gotten, although occasionally criticized,
is an alternative standard past participle in most senses,
esp. “to receive” and “to acquire”:
I have gotten (or got) a dozen replies so far.
have or has got meaning “must” has been in use since the early 19th century, often contracted:
You've got to carry your passport everywhere.
In the sense “to possess” this construction dates to the 15th century
and is also often contracted:
She's got a master's degree in biology.
Occasionally condemned as redundant,
these uses are nevertheless standard in all varieties of speech and writing.
got without have or has meaning “must”
(I got to buy a new suit) is characteristic of highly informal speech.
gotta is a pronunciation spelling representing this use.
pron:
The pronunciation (git) for get has existed since the 16th century.
The same change is exhibited in (kin) for can and (yit) for yet.
The pronunciation (git) is not regional and occurs in all parts of the country. It is most common as an unstressed syllable:
Let's get going! (lets′ git gō′ing).
In educated speech the pronunciation (git) in stressed syllables is rare and sometimes criticized.
When get is an imperative meaning “leave immediately,”
the pronunciation is usu. facetious: Now get! (nou` git′).
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language
get′a·ble, get′ta·ble adj.
Usage Note:
The use of get in the passive,
as in We got sunburned at the beach,
is generally avoided in formal writing.
In less formal contexts, however,
the construction can provide a useful difference in tone or emphasis,
as between the sentences
The demonstrators were arrested and The demonstrators got arrested.
The first example implies that the responsibility for the arrests rests primarily with the police,
while the example using get implies that the demonstrators deliberately provoked the arrests.
In colloquial use and in numerous nonstandardvarieties of American English, the past tense form got has the meaning of the present.
This arose probably by dropping the helping verb have from the past perfects have got, has got.
We've got to go, we've got a lot of problems
became We got to go, we got a lot of problems.
The reanalysis of got as a present-tense form
has led to the creation of a third-person singular gots in some varieties of English.
American Heritage Dictionary
Get USAGE NOTE:
The use of get in the passive,
as in We got sunburned at the beach,
is generally avoided in formal writing.
In less formal contexts, however, the construction does provide a useful distinction in attributing a more active role to its subject than would the corresponding passive with be.
Thus, if Jones has committed a flagrant breach of law in order to test a particular statute, the situation might best be described by the sentence Jones got arrested by the police; whereas if Jones did nothing to provoke the police action, the sentence Jones was arrested by the police would be preferred.
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expression
Obtain
This word is usually replaced by GET
Obtain, from a Latin word meaning “take hold of,” means
“to acquire,”
“to come into possession of,”
“to procure” (obtain some information).
Words related to obtain and get
are acquire, secure, earn, win, achieve, gain, and attain.
Careful users of the language employ get to mean
“to come into possession of” in any manner;
obtain is used to suggest the expenditure of effort:
one gets a Christmas present; one obtains a salary increase.
