2020-11-11
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด N – naked & nude
การใช้ภาษาอังกฤษ ที่ถือว่า ถูกต้องนี้ เป็นไปตามมาตรฐานการใช้ภาษา
การใช้คำอังกฤษ ไม่กำหนดมาตฐาน ถือตามส่วนใหญ่ที่ใช้แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจยืดหยุ่น ขึ้นอยู่กับ ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง naked = ‘NEY-kid’
ออกเสียง bare = ‘BAIR’
ออกเสียง nude = ‘NYOOD’
Dictionary.com
SYNONYM STUDY FOR BARE
Bare, stark, barren share the sense of lack or absence of something that might be expected.
Bare, the least powerful in connotation of the three,
means lack of expected or usual coverings, furnishings, or embellishments:
bare floor, feet, head.
Stark implies extreme severity or desolation and resultant bleakness or dreariness: a stark landscape; a stark, emotionless countenance.
Barren carries a strong sense ofsterility and oppressive dullness: barren fields; a barren relationship.
What else does bare mean?
Bare is UK slang for very or lots of.
The slang bare originates in Multicultural London English in the 1990s and was widely reported on as UK slang in the 2010s in the mainstream presence.
A contributor to its spread is the popular, London-based genre of rap music called Grime, which features aggressive, hard-hitting beats and lyrics. In their 2016 song “Too Many Man,” for instance, Grime group Boy Better Know sang about the club: “We need some more girls in here…Bare man not enough girls in here.” That track featured the “Godfather of Grime” himself, Wiley, who wrote “bare hype, bare bullshit, bare drama” on his 2015 mixtape Tunnel Vision Volume 1.
In 2013, a school in south London attempted to ban students from using words like bare on campus, believing it hurt their employment chances later in life.
“Bare” vs. “Bear”: What Is The Difference?
Most people know the word bear as a fuzzy noun: a massive mammal that makes for a beloved and cuddly toy. But what about the pain that some people know (all too well) when bearing down if they have a hemorrhoid? Or is it baring down that causes the unbearable burning?
What if I take my shoes off when I enter someone’s home—am I walking inside with my bare feet? Or is it bear feet? Or after a long day, am I putting in the bear minimum effort to get by or the bare minimum?
Let’s take a look at the difference between bare and bear to get a clearer picture and understand these two different words.
What does bare mean?
Bare is an adjective that means “without covering or clothing; naked; nude.”
For example: Some places of worship would prefer you to cover up your bare shoulders before coming inside.
When it comes to a space,
bare can also refer to “without the usual furnishings, contents, etc.”
For example: After his ex first moved out, it struck him how bare the apartment was without her belongings.
But bare can also be used todescribe something that’s “unconcealed or undisguised” as well as something that’s “unadorned or plain.” And with cloth specifically, it refers to material that’s threadbare.
However, when used as a verb, bare is defined as “to open to view; reveal or divulge.” For example: During therapy she finally bared the childhood horrors that she’s suppressed for all of these years.
Bare‘s first recorded use was sometime before 900, and it originated from the Old English bær. It’s connected to the Old Frisian ber, Dutch baar, German bar, Lithuanian bãsas (“barefoot”), and Russian bos.
Stark and barren are both synonyms for bare
as all three share “the sense of lack or absence of something that might be expected.”
What does bear mean?
Bear is a verb that means “to hold up or support” something.
For example: It may not look that strong, but that beam bears the weight of the second floor.
Bear can also mean “to hold or remain firm under a heavy load.”
For example: As a strong mom, she bears the weight of the world on her shoulders while shielding her kids from ever seeing the strain.
There are also multiple verb phrases involving bear (and never bare) that will sound familiar.
These include to bear down, to bear off, to bear on, to bear out, to bear up, and to bear with.
Bear’s first recorded use was also before 900, via the Middle English beren and Old English beran. Synonyms for bear
include stand and endure as all three refer to supporting the burden of something.
How to use bear vs. bare
If you’re referring to something that’s naked, exposed, or stark, the right choice is bare.
Some examples exclude:
- The wedding dress was too revealing for her conservative taste since it featured a bare midriff and a plunging neckline.
- The bare walls were a constant reminder that this rental wasn’t his home and was only temporary.
- All it took was for the grumpy old cat to bare his teeth and the little boy immediately ran away.
But if you’re referring to sustaining, upholding, or supporting something, that’s when bear comes into play.
For example:
- After the hurricane, the house was in shambles, and it didn’t look like the walls would bear the roof’s weight much longer.
Although bare and bear are often mixed up, one way to cut down on confusion is by keeping this trick in mind: when used as a verb, think of bare as uncovering or revealing.
For example: the robber bared his weapon or the doctor asked the patient to bare his abdomen for the examination.
But if it’s not about exposing something, then for everything else your best bet is to stick to bear.
Some examples include: bearing down during birth and please bear with me while I get these papers together.
And if it’s the large wild animal rummaging through your trash at 3 a.m.?
I think it bears repeating that that is a bear, and you should probably lock your trash at night.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Choose the Right Synonym for naked
BARE, NAKED, NUDE, BALD, BARREN
mean deprived of naturally or conventionally appropriate covering.
BARE implies the removal of what is additional, superfluous, ornamental, or dispensable. an apartment with bare walls
NAKED suggests absence of protective or ornamental covering but may imply a state of nature, of destitution, or of defenselessness. poor half-naked children
NUDE applies especially to the unclothed human figure. a nude model posing for art students
BALD implies actual or seeming absence of natural covering and may suggest a conspicuous bareness. a bald mountain peak
BARREN often suggests aridity or impoverishment or sterility. barren plains
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Choose the Right Synonym for bare
Adjective
BARE, NAKED, NUDE, BALD, BARREN
mean deprived of naturally or conventionally appropriate covering.
BARE implies the removal of what is additional, superfluous, ornamental, or dispensable. an apartment with bare walls
NAKED suggests absence of protective or ornamental covering but may imply a state of nature, of destitution, or of defenselessness. poor half-naked children
NUDE applies especially to the unclothed human figure. a nude model posing for art students
BALD implies actual or seeming absence of natural covering and may suggest a conspicuous bareness. a bald mountain peak
BARREN often suggests aridity or impoverishment or sterility. barren plains
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Choose the Right Synonym for nude
Adjective
BARE, NAKED, NUDE, BALD, BARREN
mean deprived of naturally or conventionally appropriate covering.
BARE implies the removal of what is additional, superfluous, ornamental, or dispensable. an apartment with bare walls
NAKED suggests absence of protective or ornamental covering but may imply a state of nature, of destitution, or of defenselessness. poor half-naked children
NUDE applies especially to the unclothed human figure. a nude model posing for art students
BALD implies actual or seeming absence of natural covering and may suggest a conspicuous bareness. a bald mountain peak BARREN often suggests aridity or impoverishment or sterility. barren plains
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Usage Note on Bear
Verb
There is considerable confusion between the verbs bear and bare.
It may help to remember that the verb bare has only one meaning:
"to uncover," as in "bare your shoulders" and "a dog baring its teeth."
All other uses of the verb are for bear: "bearing children," "the right to bear arms," "bearing up under the stress/weight," "can't bear the thought," "bear south," "it bears repeating."
There is occasional confusion between bear and bare in adjectival uses
(as in "he rubbed his bear arms"), but bear is properly a noun and only used like an adjective in the financial phrase bear market.
All other uses refer to the state of being uncovered or naked and should therefore be bare: "bare necessities," "bare essentials," "bare arms," "bare bones," "bare-knuckle," and so on.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Nude
The first things that were described as being nude weren't lacking a covering or clothing—they lacked proof. In Latin, nudus means "naked," "bare," or, in legal use, "not attended by any formalities or pledges."
In the late 15th-century, nudus became nude in English and was used to describe statements or promises that lacked written confirmation.
Back then land could be said to be granted by a "nude promise," or "nude averments" were made. Another popular phrase was "nude parole"—parole referring to a promise made by a pledge of honor. Fantasy writer J. R. R. Tolkien unearthed that archaic expression in modern times in a letter dated January 8, 1971 in which he explains that his claim to have invented the word hobbit "rests really on [his] 'nude parole' or unsupported assertion."
During the mid-17th century, English speakers began applying nude to plants, animals, and objects that lacked a natural covering. It wasn't until the 19th century that nude was used in reference to the unclothed human body.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Usage Notes
'Buck Naked' or 'Butt Naked'?
It's a natural question
What to Know
While both buck naked and butt naked are used
to describe someone who is fully nude,
buck naked is the older of the pair.
Butt naked is much newer and likely sees use
because of butt having a long history of referring to a person's buttocks.
From time to time our dictionary must put aside childish things, leaving off the crowd-pleasing aspects of lexicography
(such as establishing the precise moment at which the past participle form of a verb completes its functional shift and may properly be described as an adjective), in order to focus on the unglamorous, but necessary, aspects of word-wrangling.
So. When describing a person in a state of utter undress, should one use buck naked or butt naked?
Origin of 'Buck Naked' vs. 'Butt Naked'
Looking into the origin of which word to put before naked and you will find more schools of thought than you would at a joint conference of Digital Humanities and American Studies. Well, not really, but there are several theories.
Some think that the original was butt, based on that word having been used to refer to a person’s buttocks since the 17th century, and that buck was a euphemism.
Others feel that the buck referred to buckskin
(the skin of a male deer, an animal often found in a nude state),
or that it came from the word’s sense meaning “a male American Indian or African-American” (this sense of buck is considered offensive).
We define both buck naked and butt naked as “completely naked,” and give each as a synonym of the other in the definition.
Butt naked is considerably newer, however; our earliest evidence of it is from the late 1960s, and the word did not gain much currency until the 1970s.
If George T. Smith jumped out of a helicopter over Five Points, butt naked, you might get a little story on page 9.
— Hal Gulliver, The Atlanta Constitution, 3 Aug. 1970
Geechees are not that part of the civilian population who admire the emperor’s blue serge suit when in fact the emperor is butt-naked.
— Verta Mae Grosvenor, Redbook (New York, NY), Apr. 1973
When the Southern born mother was telling a neighbor about the incident a friend of Willie overheard the conversation which went something like this: “Girl, dat Willie is somethin’ else runnin; around the yawd butt-naked with that little gal up da street.”
— Ron Suber, Pittsburgh Courier, 24 Apr. 1976
Our earliest recorded use of buck naked comes some four decades before that of butt naked. None of the citations we have from the teens or twenties appear to support the etymological theories above.
”Well,” said the other, “it’s dis away. ‘Tother day I’m visitin’ in a house an I goes to the bath room an’ opens de door—taint locked—and dere in de tub sits a woman, buck naked.”
— Arizona Champion (Flagstaff, AZ), 19 Dec. 1919
Minnie Smith heard the commotion in the house and ran out of her room, and according to offices, buck naked.
— The Dothan Eagle (Dothan, AL), 9 Jan. 1922
I never knew a dog could shed as much hair as that dog shedded on my suit and not be left buck naked, but after that canine got up, he still seemed to have nearly as much hair on him as I had on my suit.
— The Index-Journal (Greenwood, SC), 12 Apr. 1928
Which is Right?
Both buck naked and butt naked are of an informal variety of English;
you are unlikely to have cause to use either in writing for school, or most types of work. Buck is the older of the twain, but, given the linguistic register in which such words are typically found you should really just choose the one that brings you the most joy
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expression
naked & nude
Each of these words means “without covering or clothing,”
“bare” “undressed,” “undraped,” “exposed.“
“The children ran naked on the lawn.”
“The fields lay naked under the winter moon.”
“Please tell me the naked truth.”
“This is a nude stretch of land laid bare by forest fires.”
“Some students make money by posing in the nude for art classes.”
Possibly naked seem “more bare than nude, but the latter can hardly be termed a euphemism.
Nude is reserved, however, for reference to an artist’s painting of the human figure;
Renoir painted nudes, not naked woman.
