2020-09-10
171101 คำชวนสับสน ในการใช้ ชุด D – Destroy/spoil/ruin
การใช้ภาษาอังกฤษ ที่ถือว่า ถูกต้อง ในที่นี้ เป็นไป ตามมาตรฐาน ของภาษา
การใช้ภาษาอังกฤษ ไม่กำหนดมาตฐาน ถือตามส่วนใหญ่ที่ใช้แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจยืดหยุ่น ขึ้นอยู่กับ ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง “destroy” = “dih-STROI”
ออกเสียง“demolish” = “dih-MOL-ish”
อาจสับสนกับ “decimate” “raze”
Dictionary.com
SYNONYM STUDY FOR DESTROY
Destroy, demolish, raze
imply reducing a thing to uselessness.
To destroy is to reduce something to nothingness or to take away its powers and functions so that restoration is impossible:
Fire destroys a building.
Disease destroys tissues.
To demolish is to destroy something organized or structured: to demolish a machine.
To raze is to level down to the ground: to raze a fortress.
Dictionary.com
SYNONYM STUDY FOR SPOIL
Spoil, ruin, wreck agree in meaning to reduce the value, quality, usefulness, etc., of anything.
Spoil is the general term: to spoil a delicate fabric.
Ruin implies doing completely destructive or irreparable injury: to ruin one's health.
Wreck implies a violent breaking up or demolition: to wreck oneself with drink; to wreck a building.
Abused, Confused, & Misused Words
Destroy หมายถึง
demolish; ruin; annihilate; kill, slay; defeat completely: They will destroy the entire village.
Not to be confused with:
decimate – to destroy a great number or proportion of: Cholera decimated the city’s population; to select by lot and kill every tenth person
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Choose the Right Synonym for spoil
Verb
DECAY, DECOMPOSE, ROT, PUTREFY, SPOIL
mean to undergo destructive dissolution.
DECAY implies a slow change from a state of soundness or perfection. a decaying mansion
DECOMPOSE stresses a breaking down by chemical change and when applied to organic matter a corruption. the strong odor of decomposing vegetation
ROT is a close synonym of DECOMPOSE and often connotes foulness. fruit was left to rot in warehouses
PUTREFY implies the rotting of animal matter and offensiveness to sight and smell. corpses putrefying on the battlefield
SPOIL applies chiefly to the decomposition of foods. keep the ham from spoiling
INDULGE, PAMPER, HUMOR, SPOIL, BABY, MOLLYCODDLE
mean to show undue favor to a person's desires and feelings.
INDULGE implies excessive compliance and weakness in gratifying another's or one's own desires. indulged myself with food at the slightest excuse
PAMPER implies inordinate gratification of desire for luxury and comfort with consequent enervating effect. pampered by the amenities of modern living
HUMOR stresses a yielding to a person's moods or whims. humored him by letting him tell the story
SPOIL stresses the injurious effects on character by indulging or pampering. foolish parents spoil their children
BABY suggests excessive care, attention, or solicitude. babying students by grading too easily
MOLLYCODDLE suggests an excessive degree of care and attention to another's health or welfare. refused to mollycoddle her malingering son
Noun
SPOIL, PLUNDER, BOOTY, PRIZE, LOOT
mean something taken from another by force or craft.
SPOIL, more commonly SPOILS, applies to what belongs by right or custom to the victor in war or political contest. the spoils of political victory
PLUNDER applies to what is taken not only in war but in robbery, banditry, grafting, or swindling. a bootlegger's plunder
BOOTY implies plunder to be shared among confederates. thieves dividing up their booty
PRIZE applies to spoils captured on the high seas or territorial waters of the enemy. the wartime right of seizing prizes at sea
LOOT applies especially to what is taken from victims of a catastrophe. picked through the ruins for loot
Collins COBUILD English Usage:
1. 'destroy'
If you destroy something, you cause so much damage to it that it can no longer be used or it no longer exists.
Several apartment buildings were destroyed by the fire.
I destroyed the letter as soon as I had read it.
2. 'spoil' and 'ruin'
If someone or something prevents an experience from being enjoyable, don't say that they 'destroy' the experience.
You say that they spoil it or ruin it.
The evening had been spoiled by their argument.
The weather had completely ruined their day.
Collins COBUILD English Usage:
อธิบาย การใช้ “destroy” “spoil” และ “ruin” ว่า
“ถ้าคุณ ‘destroy’ บางสิ่ง” หมายถึง
“คุณเป็นเหตุให้เกิดความเสียหายอย่างมาก” ต่อสิ่งนั้น
“จนกระทั่งไม่อาจใช้งานได้อีก/หรือไม่เหลืออยู่” เช่น
‘Several apartment buildings were destroyed by the fire.’
‘I destroyed the letter as soon as I had read it.’
“ถ้าบางคน หรือบางสิ่ง กีดกันมิให้ได้รับความสนุกสนาน”
อย่าใช้ “destroy”
ให้ใช้ว่า พวกเขา“spoil” หรือ “ruin” สิ่งนั้น เช่น
‘The evening had been spoiled by their argument.’
‘The weather had completely ruined their day.’
ให้คำจำกัดความ “destroy” ว่าคือ
“การลดทอนบางสิ่งจนกระทั่งหมดไป” หรือ
“นำพลังของมันออกไป จนกระทั่ง ไม่อาจนำกลับคืน” เช่น
‘Disease destroys tissues.’
และ การ “demolish” เป็นการ
“ทำลาย บางสิ่ง ที่ถูกจัดรวมไว้ หรือสร้างไว้อย่างดี”
“ด้วยการ ทุบทำลายจนแหลกเป็นเศษซาก” เช่น
‘The evidence demolished the attorney’s case.’
และ การ “raze” คือ การ “ทำให้อาคาร ล้มราบลง” หรือ
“ทำให้สิ่งก่อสร้างอื่น ทลายลง” เช่น
‘To raze a fortress.’
