2020-09-10
171024 คำชวนสับสน ในการใช้ ชุด D – Desert & dessert
การใช้ภาษาอังกฤษ ที่ถือว่า ถูกต้อง ในที่นี้ เป็นไป ตามมาตรฐาน ของภาษา
การใช้ภาษาอังกฤษ ไม่กำหนดมาตฐาน ถือตามส่วนใหญ่ที่ใช้แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจยืดหยุ่น ขึ้นอยู่กับ ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง “desert” = “DEZ-ert”
กริยา = “dih-ZURT”
กริยา หมายถึง “หนี/ละทิ้ง โดยไม่คิดจะกลับ”
Dictionary.com
SYNONYM STUDY FOR DESERT เมื่อเป็น นาม
Desert, waste, wilderness
refer to areas that are largely uninhabited.
Desert emphasizes lack of water (though not specifically high temperature); it refers to a dry, barren, treeless region, usually sandy:
a high-altitude frozen desert.
Waste emphasizes lack of inhabitants and of cultivation; it is used of wild, barren land: a desolate waste.
Wilderness (ออกเสียง – ‘WIL-der-nis’)
emphasizes the difficulty of finding one's way,
whether because of barrenness or of dense vegetation: a trackless wilderness.
Dictionary.com
SYNONYM STUDY FOR DESERT เมื่อเป็นกริยา
Desert, abandon, forsake
mean to leave behind persons, places, or things.
Desert implies intentionally violating an oath, formal obligation, or duty: to desert campaign pledges.
Abandon suggests giving up wholly and finally, whether of necessity, unwillingly, or through shirking responsibilities: to abandon a hopeless task; abandon a child.
Forsake has emotional connotations, since it implies violating obligations of affection or association: to forsake a noble cause.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Choose the Right Synonym for desert
Verb
mean to leave without intending to return.
ABANDON suggests that the thing or person left may be helpless without protection. abandoned children
DESERT implies that the object left may be weakened but not destroyed by one's absence. a deserted town
FORSAKE suggests an action more likely to bring impoverishment or bereavement to that which is forsaken than its exposure to physical dangers. a forsaken lover
Where does the phrase just deserts come from?
Why do we say that someone has gotten their just deserts?
Does this turn of phrase have anything to dowith dessert
(“a sweet food eaten at the end of a meal”) or desert
(“a dry land with few plants and little rainfall”)?
In fact, the phrase employs neither of these words.
Instead, it uses a completely unrelated wordthat happens to be pronounced like the word for sweets and spelledlike the one for a dry place:
desert, meaning “reward or punishment deserved or earned by one’s qualities or acts.”
This little-used noun is, as you might have guessed,
related to the English verb deserve.
It has nothing to do with arid, dry land, or with cookies and ice cream.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Usage Notes
'Just Deserts' or 'Just Desserts'?
What to Know
Despite its pronunciation, just deserts, with one s, is the proper spelling for the phrase meaning "the punishment that one deserves."
The phrase is even older than dessert, using an older noun version of desert meaning "deserved reward or punishment,"
which is spelled like the arid land, but pronounced like the sweet treat.
Based on the way the second word in just deserts
(“the punishment that one deserves”) is pronounced
one would be forgiven for imagining that it came about in reference to some form of discipline involving custards, cookies, or petits fours.
It might even make one wonder why there are not other meal-based forms of chastisement in our language;
why no deserved breakfasts, no requisite lunches, no warranted teas? Because it’s not that kind of dessert.
The English language is fond of occasionally embracingits whimsical and
illogical side, in order to keep things interesting for the people who attempt to use it.
For instance, the most common noun form of desert (“arid land with usually sparse vegetation”) is pronounced the same way as the adjectival form of this word (“desolate and sparsely occupied or unoccupied”) play, but not the same way as the verb (“to withdraw from or leave usually without intent to return”), even though all three words come from the same source (the Latin deserere, “to desert”).
The verb desert is pronounced the same way as the dessert you eat after dinner play(which comes from the Latin servir, “to serve”).
And, to make things even more interesting (by which we mean confusing), there is another noun form of desert, spelled the same as the “arid land” word, but pronounced like the thing one eats after dinner, and with a meaning that is similar to neither.
History of 'Just Deserts'
Just deserts uses this, relatively uncommon, noun form of desert,
which may mean “deserved reward or punishment”
(usually used in plural), “the quality or fact of meriting reward or punishment,” or “excellence, worth.”
This desert and dessert are etymologically related, although the former is quite a bit older; the punishment sense had already been in use for several hundred years by the time we got around to adopting the after-dinner word dessert around 1600. In fact, the use of just deserts predates that of dessert, as it came into use in the middle of the 16th century.
In early use desert was often used in the singular, and just desert might not refer to a punishment, but to anything that was deserved.
In modern use it is typically found in the plural, and just deserts almost always is in reference to a deserved punishment, rather than a reward.
And remember that just deserts has nothing to do with post-prandial sweets, unless it is that the punishment that you deserve is to receive none of these things.
COMMON ERRORS IN ENGLISH USAGE
DESERT/DESSERT
Perhaps these two words are confused partly
because “dessert” is one of the few words in English
with a double “S” pronounced like “Z"("brassiere” is another).
That impoverished stretch of sand called a desert can only afford one “S.”
In contrast, that rich gooey extra thing at the end of the meal called a dessert indulges in two of them.
The word in the phrase “he got his just deserts” is confusingly pronounced just like “desserts.”
Abused, Confused, & Misused Words
Desert หมายถึง
a dry, barren region: Mojave Desert; deserved: received his just desert; abandon: desert a family to pursue selfish desires
Not to be confused with:
dessert – sweet food, often served as the last course of a meal: I’ll have my dessert first.
American Heritage Dictionary:
Word History: When Shakespeare says in Sonnet 72,
"Unless you would devise some virtuous lie, / To do more for me than mine own desert," he is using the word desert in the sense of "worthiness; merit," a word perhaps most familiar to us in the plural, meaning "something that is deserved," as in the phrase just deserts.
This word goes back to the Latin word dēservīre, "to devote oneself to the service of," which in Vulgar Latin came to mean "to merit by service." Dēservīre is made up of dē-, meaning "thoroughly," and servīre, "to serve."
Knowing this, we can distinguish this desert from desert, "a wasteland," and desert, "to abandon," both of which go back to Latin dēserere, "to forsake, leave uninhabited," which is made up of dē-, expressing the notion of undoing, and the verb serere, "to link together."
We can also distinguish all three deserts from dessert, "a sweet course at the end of a meal," which is from the French word desservir, "to clear the table." Desservir is made up of des-, expressing the notion of reversal, and servir (from Latin servīre), "to serve," hence, "to unserve" or "to clear the table."
Dictionary.com
des·ert = (dĕz′ərt)
A dry, barren region, usually having sandy or rocky soil and little or no vegetation. Most deserts receive less than 10 inches (25 centimeters) of precipitation each year, concentrated in short bursts. Deserts cover about one fifth of the Earth's surface and are mainly located along the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn.
Did You Know?
Spell it with two s's (dessert) and it's ice cream.
Spell it with one s (desert) and it's a place where you'd have trouble finding a glass of water, let alone a scoop of vanilla.
A desert is defined by the water you won't find there.
There's no official standard, but many people say that any place that gets less than 10 inches of precipitation a year qualifies.
Deserts do not have to be hot. Even the Sahara Desert in Africa, famous for heat, can get cold at night. And although many people think of the Sahara as the world's biggest desert, that distinction actually belongs to Antarctica, which is incredibly cold and amazingly dry, receiving the frozen equivalent of less than 2 inches of water per year. In spite of this dryness, some animals and plants thrive in deserts. Each desert is therefore a unique ecosystem, a particular environment that includes organisms interacting with it and with each other.
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expressions:
อธิบายว่า เมื่อเป็น นาม “desert” และ “dessert”
แตกต่างทั้ง การสะกด - การออกเสียง และ ความหมาย
โดย นาม “desert” เมื่อหมายถึง “arid region” ออกเสียงเน้นพยางค์ แรก
คำ นาม “dessert” ที่หมายถึง “pastry/pudding” ออกเสียงเน้นพยางค์ หลัง
เหมือนกับการออกเสียงของ “desert” เมื่อใช้เป็น กริยา เช่น
‘While roaming in the desert he had to do without desserts.’
ส่วนคำ “desert” ที่ใช้ใน วลี “just deserts” ไม่เกี่ยวกับ ทั้งขนม หรือ ที่แห้งแล้ง
หากแต่ เป็นคำผันแปร จากที่เดียวกับ “deserves” และหมายถึง
“rewards” หรือ “punishment” เช่นในประโยค
‘Every contestant will receive his just deserts.’
ให้ความหมาย ของ “desert” ว่า
คือ “ดินแดน (region) ที่แห้ง แล้ง ปกติจะมีพื้นที่ส่วนใหญ่ เป็นหินหรือดินทราย”
มีปริมาณ ฝนตกทั้งปี น้อยกว่า 25 เซนติเมตร และเป็นเพียงแต่ละช่วงสั้นๆ
ทั้งโลกมีพื้นที่เช่นนี้ ราว หนึ่งในห้า ของพื้นผิวโลก ส่วนใหญ่แถบ
“Tropic of Cancer” และ “Tropic of Capricorn”
และให้ความรู้เพิ่มเติมว่า
เมื่อสะกดด้วย หนึ่ง “s” (desert) หมายถึง “สถานที่แห้งแล้ง มีน้ำน้อย”
สะกดด้วย สอง “s” (dessert) หมายถึง “ขนมอบหรือของหวาน”
ไม่จำเป็นว่า “desert” ต้องเป็นพื้นที่ร้อนจัด ตอนกลางคืน อาจหนาวมากได้ เช่น
ที่ ทะเลทราย Sahara ใน Africa
Collins COBUILD English Usage:
Desert – dessert
1. 'desert' as a noun
A desert /'dezət/ is a large area of land where there is very little water or rain, no trees, and very few plants.
They crossed the Sahara Desert.
2. 'desert' as a verb
When people or animals desert /dɪ'zɜːt/ a place, they all leave it.
Poor farmers are deserting their fields and coming here looking for jobs.
If you desert someone, you leave them and no longer help or support them.
All our friends have deserted us.
3. 'dessert'
Dessert /dɪ'zɜːt/ is sweet food served at the end of a meal.
For dessert there was ice cream.
Collins COBUILD English Usage:
อธิบาย การใช้ “desert” เป็น นาม
หมายถึง “พื้นที่ขนาดใหญ่ที่แห้งแล้งมีฝน/น้ำ น้อย มีพืชเล็กน้อยไม่มีต้นไม้ใหญ่” เช่น
‘They crossed the Sahara Desert.’
เมื่อใช้ “desert” เป็น กริยา
“เมื่อคุณ ‘desert’ a place” หมายถึง “คุณ ละทิ้ง/ไปจาก ที่นั้น” เช่น
‘Poor farmers are deserting their fields and coming here looking for jobs.’
“ถ้าคุณ ‘desert’ บางคน” หมายถึง “คุณละทิ้ง ไม่ช่วยเขา อีกต่อไป” เช่น
‘All our friends have deserted us.’
ส่วน “dessert” หมายถึง “ของหวานที่รับประทานหลังอาหาร” เช่น
‘For dessert there was ice cream.’
