2020-09-04 คำชวนสับสน ในการใช้ ชุด C – Control

Revision C

2020-09-04 GTK#

170719-1 คำชวนสับสน ในการใช้ ชุด C – Control

การใช้ภาษาอังกฤษ ที่ถือว่า ถูกต้อง ในที่นี้ เป็นไป ตามมาตรฐาน ของภาษา

ภาษาอังกฤษ ไม่กำหนดมาตฐาน ถือตามส่วนใหญ่ ที่ใช้แต่ละท้องถิ่น

ความหมาย อาจยืดหยุ่น ขึ้นอยู่กับ ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค

Dictionary.com

ออกเสียง “control” = “kuh n-TROHL”

Collins COBUILD English Usage Dictionary

Control can be a verb or a noun.

1. used as a verb

If someone controls something

such as a country or an organization,

they have the power to take all the important

decisions about the way it is run.

The Australian government at that time controlled the island.

His family had controlled the company for more than a century.

When control is a verb, it is not followed by a preposition.

2. used as a noun

Control is also used as a noun

to refer to the power that someone has in a country or organization.

You say that someone has control of a country or organization, or control over it.

Mr Ronson gave up control of the company.

The first aim of his government would be to establish control over the area.

3. another meaning

Control is used as a noun to refer to a place

where your documents and luggage are officially checked

when you enter a foreign country.

I went through passport control into the departure lounge.

Don't use control as a verb to mean 'check' or 'inspect'.

Don't say, for example,

 'My luggage was controlled'.

You say 'My luggage was checked' or 'My luggage was inspected'.

I had to wait while the baggage was being checked.

The guard took his ID card and inspected it.

Collins COBUILD English Usage

อธิบายว่า สามารถใช้ “control”.ให้เป็นได้ทั้ง กริยา หรือ นาม

เมื่อใช้เป็น กริยา

“ถ้าบางคน ‘controls’ บางสิ่ง” เช่น “ประเทศ/องค์กร หนึ่ง”

หมายถึง “พวกเขามีอำนาจ ในการตัดสินใจที่สำคัญ”

ในการดำเนินไปของสิ่งนั้น เช่น

‘The Australian government at that time controlled the island.’

‘His family had controlled the company for more than a century.’

เมื่อใช้ “control” เป็น กริยา ต้องไม่ใช้ บุพบท ตามหลัง

เมื่อใช้ “control” เป็น นาม

“เพื่ออ้างอิงถึง อำนาจ ที่บางคน มีอยู่ใน ประเทศ/องค์กร หนึ่ง”

โดยกล่าวว่า “บางคน ‘has control of a country/organization’” หรือ

‘has control over it’ เช่น

‘Mr, Ronson gave up control of the company.’

‘The first aim of his government would be to establish control over the area.’

สามารถใช้ “control” เป็น นาม

เพื่ออ้างอิงถึง ‘สถานที่หนึ่ง ที่ เอกสาร/สัมภาระ ของคุณ ถูกตรวจสอบ’

อย่างเป็นทางการ เมื่อคุณ ผ่านเข้าสู่ประเทศหนึ่ง เช่น

‘I went through passport controlinto the departure lounge.’

อย่าใช้ “control” เป็น กริยา

เพื่อให้หมายถึง ‘check’หรือ “inspect” เช่น

อย่าใช้ว่า “My luggage was controlled.”

ให้ใช้ว่า “My luggage was checked.” หรือ

“My luggage was inspected.” เช่น

‘I had to wait while the baggage was being checked.’

‘The guard took his ID card and inspected it.’

Merriam-Webster Dictionary

Choose the Right Synonym for control

Verb

CONDUCT, MANAGE, CONTROL, DIRECT

mean to use one's powers to lead, guide, or dominate.

CONDUCT implies taking responsibility for the acts and achievements of a group. conducted negotiations

MANAGE implies direct handling and manipulating or maneuvering toward a desiredresult. manages a meat market

CONTROL implies a regulating or restraining in order to keep within bounds or on a course. controlling his appetite

DIRECT implies constant guiding and regulating so as to achieve smooth operation. directs the store's day-to-day business

Noun

POWER, AUTHORITY, JURISDICTION, CONTROL, COMMAND, SWAY, DOMINION

mean the right to govern or rule or determine.

POWER implies possession of ability to wield force, authority, or influence. the power to mold public opinion

AUTHORITY implies power for a specific purpose within specified limits. granted the authority to manage her estate

JURISDICTION applies to official power exercised within prescribed limits. the bureau having jurisdiction over parks

CONTROL stresses the power to direct and restrain. you are responsible for the students under your control

COMMAND implies the power to make arbitrary decisions and compel obedience. the army officer in command

SWAY suggests the extent of exercised power or influence. the empire extended its sway over the region

DOMINION stresses sovereign power or supreme authority. given dominion over all the animals

Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms

Control

1. Authority that may be less than full command exercised by a commander over part of the activities of subordinate or other organizations.
2. In mapping, charting, and photogrammetry, a collective term for a system of marks or objects on the Earth or on a map or a photograph, whose positions or elevations (or both) have been or will be determined.
3. Physical or psychological pressures exerted with the intent to assure that an agent or group will respond as directed.
4. An indicator governing the distribution and use of documents, information, or material. Such indicators are the subject ofintelligence community agreement and are specifically defined inappropriate regulations. See also administrative control; operational control; tactical control.

The American Heritage® Student Science Dictionary

con·trol = (kən-trōl′)

Something used as a standard of comparison in a scientific experiment. In an experiment to test the effectiveness of a new drug,

for instance, the control is an inactive substance (such as a sugar pill)

that is given to one group of people,

so that their results can be compared with those of a group

who actually took the drug.

An experiment designed to test the effects of a single condition or factor on a system is called a control experiment.

Only the condition being studied is allowed to vary, and all other conditions are kept constant.