Work Record (Experts)
Name : Dr.
Satis Pholpark
Position :
Veterinary officer level 8
Period : 16 – 22
October 2005
Dispatched to : JICA office, Bangkok.
Section :
Counterpart(s)
:
Mr. Phanxy
Kulavang Epidemiology section,
NAHC,Vientien.
Dr. Bountom Khounsy Chief of regional
veterinary diagnostic unit, Luangprabang.
Description of your work
:
Arriving date (16-10-2005)
: Stayed at Vientien.
First
working
day(17-10-2005):I left
to Luangprabang(LB) province by plane with Dr. Yoshi
Kashiwasaki and Mr. Phanxy Kulavang NAHC staff. After lunch
we visited Forcom office and had a discussion with Forcom expert
Dr. Iwasa and Dr. Nagata regarding the working plan about animal
health activities in the next 3 days.After the meeting we went to
visit Luangprabang regional veterinary diagnostic laboratory and
provided them some Giemsa stain, antigen Rose Bengal for
serological test for Brucellosis and 1 PM- scissor for
postmortem examination of poultry carcass and had a disussion about
recently diseases outbreak in this region with the chief of the
lab, Dr. Bountom Khounsy .Then we started the first trip to visit
Hat Houy village,Pakseng district(about 40 Km. From Luangprabang
province ).The period of this visit is starting the cold season and
the harvesting time in the village.We interviewed the farmer and
the village veterinary assistant about the health status of animals
in the village.The animal population in this village were as
followed:96 buffaloes, 1 cattle ,87 goats,179 pigs and 1293
poultry. The buffaloes were vaccinated against HS on 29-9-2005
concided with pigs were vaccinated against SF on the same day.About
the diseases situation in this village,there were report of
goat disease in the nearby village.Some of them got sicked in
September with clinical signs similar to“Scrapie or scabby mouth”
which occurred in goat any agegroup and most of them recovered by
their own within 1 month period. The farmer also complained about
the disease occurred in duck which still carried on in the village.
Their clinical signs were depression, leg weakness, watery diarrhea
with a lot of fluid coming out from the mouth before death.These
ducks could not consume any feed except water. The duration from
starting the clinical sign until animal died was only 2 -3 days.We
suspected of normal bacterial infection (
E. coli) but
sofar we didn’t get any carcass from sicked animals for final
diagnosis. Anyhow we recommended the farmer to put some
antibiotics(eg. Norfloxacin) in drinking water to treat those duck
with similar clinical signs till we find out the real cause of
these disease.We had also collecting blood and fecal samples from 6
buffaoes, 1 cattle and 3 goats in these village for diseases
investigation purpose.Most of these sampling animals were deworming
and injected with tonic drug(injectavit).In these village we saw a
lot of chronic thin buffaloes with ectoparasite(lice).So we
recommended them to use Ivomectin drug which has efficacy to treat
both internal worms and ectoparasites by single
injection.
Second working day(18-10-2005)
:To day was holiday in Luangprabang province.
Third
working day(19-10-2005)
: We left to Sayaburi (SYB)province
early in the morning .On the way to SYB we visited Pong-dong
village. The animal population in this village were as followed:119
buffaloes, 109 cattle ,87 goats,260 pigs and 5200 poultry. The
buffaloes were vaccinated against HS on 18-6-2005 and pigs from the
FORCOM project were vaccinated against SF on July,2005. The
diseases situation in this village,there were again report of
goat disease in Pong-dong village in September
with the same clinical signs similar to“Scrapie or scabby mouth” as
in Hat Houy village .The farmer used the medicine from boiling the
bark of some medicine plant to rub the infected wound lesion and
those infected goat were all recovered.This visit there were no
report of any kind of infectious diseases namely: FMD, SF, HS and
ND occurred in this village. We also took the blood and fecal
samples from 2 buffaoes, 1 cattle,2 pigs ,4 goats and 3 chicken in
these village for diseases investigation purpose.Most of these
sampling animals were again deworming and injected with tonic
drug(injectavit) the same as in Hat Houy village.We also
demonstrated how to make ear tag in pig to the FORCOM staff for the
future identification of project animals.We noticed that some pigs
from the project got mange and thin.Probably pig feed and
feeding are the primary cause of dermatitis.So the farmer
have to improve the feed formula, routine deworming and apply
Neguvon for treatment of mange and other ectoparasite(lice).After
we arrived in SYB ,we have about 1 hour discussion about the
schedule for tomorrow activity and the possibility cause of
diseases outbreak in chicken from the project that was newly
introduced to the farmer in Namon village between
30July-29August 2005.
Forth
working day(20-10-2005) : We went to visit Namon
village.Today we started to interview the farmer in 3 different
group related to their animal raising species as follows;
cattle group, chicken group and pig group.The cattle raising farmer
group, these group composed of 8 members, they take care 12 adult
and 2 young cattle from the project. We could not visit or took any
blood samples from them because they kept these animals quite far
away from the village.Anyhow we provided them anthelmintic drug
(Valbazen:albendazole) to treat these animal.There were report that
some of these cattle got ear wound from the metal ear tags
irritation ,so we left Negasul for them to treat those sicked
animal(drug to prevent infection and treatment for myiasis).The
second group was the chicken raising farmer.These group composed of
9 members.Each member received 41 to 43 adult chicken with
totally380 chickens from the FORCOM project between
30July-29August 2005.There were 5 different batch of chicken
from different origin that submitted to farmers.Only1 day after the
last batch arrived in the village, the chicken from the last
batch(29-8-2005) started to died with clinical signs similar
to ND .Then the disease spread out to others farmer chicken.
Totally 141 chicken died from 380 animals(mortality rate =
37.1%).Now the rest of these animals were self recoverd.When we
asked them about the vaccination against ND whether they had done
it or not ,the farmer volunteer and the FORCOM staff incharge of
this village reported that some of these chicken were
vaccinated before they arrived here and the rest were vaccinated a
few days after they arrived in this village.We took the blood
samples from 12 alived chicken from 6 different farmer
members for further diagnosis with 1 newly dead chicken
carcass for postmortem. The third group was the pig raising
farmer.These group composed of 11 members.Each member received 2
adult female pigs (except 1 farmer received 2 adult male pigs)with
totally 22 pigs( each body weight is about 50-60 kilogram)
from the FORCOM project between 1 – 25 June 2005.These pigs
were all vaccinated against SF(swine fever) when they arrived
here.During the past time, only 3 of them died as described:two
female pigs died from dystokia and 1 female pig died from
legs weakness.Some of these pigs and their young piglets received
tonic injection and deworming drug.This visit there were no report
of diseases outbreak in duck, turkeys and cattle.
After
lunch we went to visit the last village Natak .This village
is the new village that FORCOM project was selected to join this
program as well.We asked the village farmer about the animal
population and the recently diseases outbreak.The farmer reported
there were outbreaks of HS and FMD in buffalo,ND in native chickens
,SF in pigs and some bacterial diseases in duck this year
(These tentative diagnosis was assumed regarded to the history of
clinical signs).The animal population in this village was under
investigated.We also collected blood samples from 1 duck, 5
chickens and 2 buffaloes and treated these 2 buffaloes with tonic
drug and anthelmintic drug(Ivomectin). After we came back to SYB
province,we made a postmortem of one native chicken from Namon
village.We found a lot of adult round worm
Ascaridia galli
in small intestine and
Heterakis gallinae in caecum.The
lesion of ND was not so distinctive but we saw a lot of small round
foci in the liver.This lesion is a typical lesion for Histomoniasis
caused by protozoa(
Histomonas meleagridis )which commonly
occurred in turkeys.So we collected all the specimen fixed with 10%
formalin buffer for further diagnosis.But the most impressive
lesion of fulled round worms in
small
intestine which is the common site for immune production
in poultry could lead to immune suppression status of ND vaccine.So
after these chicken were vaccinated against ND vaccine ,the
immunity response that they produced may not enough to protect ND
outbreak.As well as the farmer reported that there were no
difference between the one with vaccination or without
vaccination.They all died after ND outbreak.So the deworming
program(the deworming interval should be applied every 2 month
period) for these chicken should be implemented to the village
farmer too besides the vaccination to prevent round worm infection
in these chicken and probably caused the deworming one grow faster
than the one without deworming.After the postmortem,we had a final
discussion with the FORCOM staff about the animal health situation
in each village and also the prevention program for each animal
species.We introduced the Basic Animal Health
Services(BAHS)which had been established in Khon-Kaen
Lab.This project will select some nescessary animal drugs available
at the village level.So the farmer can easily buy it to treat their
own animal any time they needed.But the FORCOM project has to
decide to select some specific drug regarded to their diseases
situation in the village.
Fifth working day(21-10-2005)
: We left Sayaburi province to Luangprabang early in
the morning. After we arrived at Luangprabang province ,we went to
the regional diagnostic lab to separate the serum from blood
samples and also determination for Hct(hematocrit) value and
looked for motile blood parasites from EDTA- blood(Woo’s method).We
had also demonstrated how to run the Brucellosis test(Rose Bengal
test)in different animal sera namely buffalo,cattle,pig and goat to
Dr. Buatoam. The result of this test showed that all of the sera
that we collected from 4 different villages were negative for
Brucello sis.We left faecal samples to this regional lab to examine
for internal parasites.Then we visited Forcom office in
Luangprabang again and left all the animal drugs ,specimen
collection equipment and drug instruction for their future use. We
left one CD power point in Thai version that can teach
FORCOM staff in the field to understand the cause of the
diseases in cattle and buffaloes with their treatment and
control.Then we left Luangprabang at 2.30 PM to Vientien on the
same day .In the late afternoon, we went to visit NAHC and left
some specimen for the laboratory staff to do.
Departure date( 22-10-2005 )
: Left Vientien to Khonkaen , Thailand.
Any equipment necessary to the
laboratory
Regional diagnostic lab in Luangprabang have to be revised
especialy in bacteriology section so they can culture bacteria from
organs of death animals such as HS and other bacterial diseases.But
they need supported budget for the operation cost(electricity) and
some maintenance cost.So they can give service to the extension
livestock field staff when they submitted specimens to confirm the
diagnosis. This lab is nearly fully equipped as EU-project
supported them many years before.
Any reagent or disposal necessary to the
laboratory.
They need specimens container and collections in complete set
(Monovet for blood collection,glass slide to make blood smear, EDTA
bottle for blood parasites diagnosis and zip-locked plastic bag for
faecal collection).If they can provide them to the
extension field staff beforehand, they can collect and handle
the specimens from death animals and submit it back to the
lab in proper condition.
Any remark you have noticed during your
work.
1.The extension FORCOM field staff have gained more
experience to collect the specimens better than the last visit in
June 2005.
2.The
farmer have a good contact and good corporation in specimen
collection.This might be from the drug that we brought to
service their animals in the village.
3.
Deworming drugs such as albendazole , levamisole
or ivermectin for treatment of
roundworm and
GI-nematode infection and triclabendozole for
treatment of
liver fluke(Fasciolosis) should be
available at the village level with deworming program for their
animals.For example buffalo calves should be deworm for the first
time at 3 weeks old and the second time at 6 weeks old. This
program can prevent buffalo calves died from round worm
infection.For liver fluke control,the strategic treatment
(deworming) as we have done in the north-east
Thailand,buffaloes and cattle should be treated
twice a
year.The first round should be around March - April
and the second round between September – October.For
GI-infection (normally they do no harm in
buffaloes),but in cattle they should be deworm twice a year at the
beginningof rainy season and the end of rainy season.In goat, hook
worm(
Haemonchus contortus) infection in abomasum is the
most dangerous species,so they should be treated with deworming
drug group the same as in GI-nematode every 3 months combined with
the pasture rotation system.For eye worm problems in buffaloes,they
can use diluted levamisol(1 ml.conc.part+5 ml.Normal saline) spray
directly to the eyes once daily for 3 days.The eye worms will died
and release itself from the eyes.
4.The vaccination program that we recommended for different
animal species are as follows:(Please verify with the
recommendation by local vaccine production unit LAO PDR.)
Table 1. Vaccination program and time for
application in different animal species.
Anim.
species
|
Vaccine
type
|
First
inject.
|
Next
inject.
|
Next
inject.
|
Chicken
|
ND
|
3 days old
|
3 weeks olds
|
3 months old
|
Piglets
|
SF(vac.sow)
|
45 days old
|
2-3 mts old
|
|
|
SF(non vac.sow)
|
30 days old
|
2-3 mts old
|
|
Cattle
|
HS
|
6 months old
|
Every 6 mts.
|
|
Buffalo
|
HS
|
6 months old
|
Every 6 mts.
|
|
What kind of cooperative work is possible in
future.
To establish a basic animal health services at village level
in Luangprabang (Forcom pilot project) and building up networks
between extension livestock field staff , the laboratory and Dept.
of Livestock and Fisheries in LAO PDR to control animal diseases
and the benefit of these corporation will facilitate the
farmer to increase their own animal production and population from
their own indigenous breed.
Remarks:
1.Those animal diseases diagnosis that I ‘ve mentioned in this
report are base on clinical signs and history of outbreak
rather than the results from laboratory diagnosis.
2.Please find out and gather the old traditional medication recipe
that the farmer used to treat their animals in the past(herbs
etcs.) .It will be useful to replace some drugs in case
of high drugs cost and some of them are not available at the
village level.
3.As long as no new animal breed and species introduced to the
village, the control of animal movement and the way how
to handle and get rid of the infected carcass in the village are
useful and important to control the diseases outbreak besides
vaccination program.