2020-08-01 (151216-2) ศัพท์ ที่มักสับสน ชุด G – Grammar & syntax
2020-08-01
(151216-2) ศัพท์ ที่มักสับสน ชุด G – Grammar & syntax
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Ref.: 16 ธันวาคม 2015 11:56 น.
http://www.gotoknow.org/posts/598499 &683377
Dictionary.com.
ออกเสียง Grammar = ‘GRAM-er’
ออกเสียง Syntax = ‘SIN-taks’
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expression
Grammar – syntax
Grammar is not a list of rules involving “do’s and don’ts”
As usually applied in speech and in some writing,
the word usage should be substituted for grammar.
Grammar itself is the science
that deals with words and their relationships to each other.
It is concerned with
a consideration and account of the features of a language
and with speech and writing
according to various standards of usage
but not according to correctness, as such.
When someone is said to use bad grammar,
all that can be meant is that
he uses language in some way
that is not currently and generally accepted
or that his usage is not in line with prevailing practice.
Syntax is a study of the signs
that appear in a system and, as applied to language,
deals with the arrangement of words in a sentence
to show their relationship.
It is a rather vague and general term
but one for which our language has no adequate substitute.
Although syntax is a branch of grammar,
the latter term is more useful in referring to
word order, parts of speech, and the like.
Common Errors in English Usage Dictionary
It’s amazing how many people write to thank me
for helping them with their “grammer.” It’s “grammar.”
The word is often incorrectly used to label
patterns of spelling and usage
that have nothing to do with the structure of language,
the proper subject of grammar in the most conservative sense.
Not all bad writing is due to bad grammar
Dictionary.com
MORE ABOUT GRAMMAR
What is grammar?
Grammar is the study of
how sentences in a specific language are constructed.
Grammar also refers to
the features and rules of the language
that guide users to creating properly constructed sentences.
When we follow grammar rules
it helps our listeners and readers understand
what we’re trying to communicate.
For example,
one feature of English grammar is that
the order of the words in a sentence helps tell us
what job each word is doing.
If we put all the nouns at the front of the sentence,
as in I dogs own three, you’d wonder what we meant.
When we put the subject of the sentence before the verb
and the object after it,
as in I own three dogs, you can understand what we mean.
As with most languages,
English has many different aspects of grammar
that we follow in order to make understandable sentences.
Most people learn and improve their grammar
throughout their lives, starting when they first learn the language.
Why is grammar important?
The first records of the word grammar comes from around 1325.
It ultimately comes from the Greek word grammatikós,
meaning “knowing one’s letters.”
The idea of grammar is much older than the word itself
and older even than the English language,
as we can see from the word’s origin.
Every major language on Earth has some system of grammar,
and some language experts believe that
language itself cannot exist without grammar.
Usually, children learn to speak their first language
without actually being taught the rules of grammar.
Instead, they slowly learn by copying how other people talk.
Once they start school,
children are taught the rules they’ve been using unconsciously.
Students are taught different grammar concepts
throughout their schooling.
People whose jobs directly relate to language,
such as writers, editors, linguists, and lexicographers,
learn even more about grammar as part of their job training.
Did you know … ?
Some people are especially bothered
by even the smallest grammar errors, which we all make.
Unfortunately, the errors many people are bothered by
are not actually errors.
You can learn more about this tendency
at the entry for grammar nazi, though
you might not want to use that term itself.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Did You Know?
Syntax is basically about
what word comes before and after another word;
in other words, it's part of the larger subject of grammar.
Syntax is often an issue in poetry, and
it's usually discussed in connection with diction
—that is, the poet's choice of words.
So, for example, your English professor might point out
the syntactic difference between
"Whose woods these are I think I know" and
"I think I know whose woods these are;"
whereas if the discussion was about diction instead,
the question might be about the choice of "woods"
rather than "land", or "think" rather than "bet".
THE NEW DICTIONARY OF CULTURAL LITERACY,
NOTES FOR SYNTAX
Syntactic languages,
such as English,
use word order to indicate word relationships.
Inflected languages (see inflection),
such as Greek and Latin,
use word endings and other inflections to indicate relationships.
Dictionary of Unfamiliar Words by Diagram Group
grammar
The way in which elements of a language
are put together to make sentences,
or the study of the structure of a language.
the grammatical principles
by which words are used in phrases and sentences
to construct meaningful combinations.
— syntactic, syntactical, adj.
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