2022-05-18
ศัพท์ ที่มักสับสน ชุด G – Gourmand & gourmet & glutton
แนะนำการใช้ ตามที่ส่วนใหญ่ใช้ แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจผันแปร ตาม ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
แสดงรายละเอียด จากตำราแต่ละเล่ม ที่เป็นหัวข้อ ต่อไปนี้:
Ref. :http://www.gotoknow.org/posts/598463 and #683368@15/12/2015
Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง gourmand = ‘goor-MAHND’ or ’GOOR-muhnd’
ออกเสียง gourmet = ‘goor-MEY’ or ’GOOR-mey’
ออกเสียง glutton = ‘GLUHT-n’
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expression
gourmand & gourmet & glutton
These words have to do with eating,
but they are different in meaning.
A gourmand is a large, enthusiastic eater
(Diamond Jim Brady was a gourmand,
often eating for three hours at a time).
A gourmet is a fastidious eater,
an epicure (As a French chef, he considers himself a gourmet).
A glutton is one with a huge appetite,
one who eats to excess and
with little delicacy of choice or table manners.
A gourmand is a heavy consumer of food
but prides himself to some degree on his knowledge of cuisine;
a gourmet may or may not be
a heavy consumer of food
but in any event is a connoisseur, and expert;
only a glutton eats with an unrestrained appetite.
The use of gourmet
as an adjective (gourmet foods, a gourmet meal)
is not considered standard,
but widespread usage will likely
confer reputability upon it as time passes.
Abused, Confused, & Misused Words by Mary Embree
gourmand
= a person who likes food and
tends to eat to excess:
He’s nothing more than a gourmand who eats everything in sight.
Not to be confused with:
Gourmet = connoisseur of finefood and drink:
His choice of wines shows that he is a gourmet.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Choose the Right Synonym for gourmand & gourmet
Epicure, Gourmet, Gourmand, Gastronome
mean one who takes pleasure in eating and drinking.
Epicure implies fastidiousness and voluptuousness of taste.
Gourmet implies being a connoisseur in food and drink
and the discriminating enjoyment of them.
Gourmand implies a hearty appetite for good food and drink,
not without discernment, but with less than a gourmet's.
Gastronome implies that one has studied extensively
the history and rituals of haute cuisine.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
Did You Know?
What God has plagu'd us with this gormaund guest?
As this exasperated question from Alexander Pope's 18th-century translation of Homer's Odyssey suggests,
being a gourmand is not necessarily a good thing.
When "gourmand" began appearing in English texts in the 15th century,
it was a decidedly bad thing, a synonym of "glutton"
that was reserved for a greedy eater
who consumed well past satiation.
That negative connotation remained
until English speakers borrowed the similar-sounding
(and much more positive) "gourmet"
from French in the 19th century.
Since then, the meaning of "gourmand" has softened,
so that although it still isn't wholly flattering,
it now suggests someone who
likes good food in large quantities rather than a slobbering glutton.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
Usage Notes
'Gourmet' or 'Gourmand'?
Those people who wish to describe themselves
as people who love food, but who are averse
to self-identifying with the word foodie,
are left with several options.
There is epicure,
which is defined as
“one with sensitive and discriminating tastes
especially in food or wine.”
However, this word also has the meaning of
“one devoted to sensual pleasure,”
and is therefore perhaps best avoided.
There is the option of describing oneself as a gastronome
(“a lover of good food”),
but this is an obscure word,
and when attempting to let others know
that you value fine grub
it is important to be understood.
For many people the choice of descriptors
comes down to a battle between gourmand and gourmet.
While both of these words are
concerned with food or drink and
the enjoyment of ingesting these things,
they have histories and meanings which are different enough that
a degree of consideration is warranted
before describing yourself as one or the other.
Gourmand is the older of these two, in use since the 15th century.
For the first several hundred years this word was in use
its meaning was largely confined to “glutton,”
or “one who is excessively fond of eating and drinking.”
Gourmet is defined as “a connoisseur of food and drink.”
The word may also function as an adjective,
meaning “of, relating to, or
being high quality, expensive, or
specialty food typically requiring
elaborate and expert preparation.”
This word is a relative newcomer, not showing up in English
until the end of the 18th century as a noun,
and the end of the 19th as an adjective.
Gourmet may be traced to the French word grommes,
which may mean, among other things, “wine merchant's assistant.”
As seen in its early uses, the word once had a meaning in English
that was much closer to its French roots,
as it typically referred to
one who discriminated in wines, rather than food.
Gourmet now shares its meaning with food and drink,
and the semantic province of wine words
has been largely taken over by such as
sommelier (“a wine steward”),
oenophile (“ a lover or connoisseur of wine”),
and, for the truly discriminating, stewbum (“drunkard”).’
As gourmet became increasingly common,
and increasingly associated with food,
the “glutton” sense of gourmand began to soften
(possibly through people associating the two words),
and people began using the word in a new sense,
“one who is heartily interested in good food and drink.”
Some usage guides feel that gourmand
should be used exclusively to refer to
one who overindulges in food and drink.
However, our records indicate that
the newer meaning
(“one who is heartily interested in good food and drink”)
is now the more common sense.
This does not mean that the two words are interchangeable;
many writers do take care to distinguish
between gourmet and gourmand.
Even in such instances where gourmand is used
without the judgmental feel of “glutton,”
the sense of “heartily interested in good food and drink”
tends to be easily distinguishable from gourmet.
The gourmand tends to engage
in a more populist form of eating and drinking than the gourmet.
