2022-01-28
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน - Set – C - conversate & converse
แนะนำการใช้ ตามที่ส่วนใหญ่ใช้ แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจผันแปร ตาม ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com:
ออกเสียง conversate = “KON-ver-seyt”
ออกเสียง converse - verb = “kuhn-VURS” - noun = “KON-vurs”
Common Errors in English Usage Dictionary:
conversate & converse
“Conversate” is what is called a “back-formation”
based on the noun "conversation.”
But the verb for this sort of thing is “converse.”
Dictionary.com:
HISTORICAL USAGE OF CONVERSATE
The use of conversate has soared since 2000,
mostly in speech and in written records of speech.
The term is a back formation from conversation,
created by dropping the suffix -ion,
and adding -e, to produce a verb form.
Since it has essentially the same meaning
as the more common and frequently used verb converse,
the term conversate has been condemned in some circles
as an unnecessary nonword.
And, because the term occurs mostly among Blacks and Latinos,
some discussions have become heated and impassioned,
turning the word into a badge (both positive and negative)
of a person’s class and education.
Conversate reminds us that discussions about modern English
must take into account
the different types of English spoken in our diverse culture,
rather than fixating on “correct” formal usage.
When all is said and done, however,
the term broadly remains nonstandard English.
Dictionary.com:
QUOTATIONS RELATED TO CONVERSATE
- "The connections [the seventeen-year-old Latina] made between her personal growth and her interactions with one of her teachers were very powerful and the audience at the Ivy League school were in awe of her.
All but one, the one who had only listened
to her use of non-standard English as she stated that
‘in our class we “conversate” with the teacher and that has helped me in my work with adults.’ "
-Xae Alicia Reyes Why Can’t We ‘Conversate’?:
Silencing and Alienation of Latinos and African Americans
in School Settings Black and Brown Communication:
Latino and African American Conflict and Covergence in Mass Media (2003)
- "It’s not about a word at all. It's about us. It's about excellence.
No one is saying you must speak and act correctly at all times,
but unfortunately, lots of us don't know
when the hell those times are anymore or exactly
what speaking and acting correctly mean.
And worse, they don't care. "
-Jam Donaldson Conversate Is Not a Word:
Getting Away from Ghetto (2010)
Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
Frequently Asked Questions About conversate
Is conversate a word?
Yes, conversate is definitely a word, in use in English for over 200 years. Many people find its informality grating,
and most usage guides will caution against
using it in any formal writing.
Is converse or conversate correct?
We define conversate as synonymous with converse;
this does not, however, mean that the two words are interchangeable.
Converse functions as a noun, adjective, and verb,
and conversate is synonymous with only one sense of the verb
use of converse ("to exchange thoughts and opinions in speech").
Furthermore, conversate is a nonstandard form,
and widely frowned upon in formal writing.
Is conversate slang?
Slang is defined as
"an informal nonstandard vocabulary
composed typically of coinages, arbitrarily changed words,
and extravagant, forced, or facetious figures of speech."
Nonstandard, on the other hand,
is "not conforming in pronunciation, grammatical construction, idiom, or word choice
to the usage generally characteristic of educated native speakers of a language.
" While there may be overlap between these two categories,
we label conversate as nonstandard rather than slang.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
Words You Love to Hate
The rumpus over conversate (“to converse”) is fairly recent,
at least when compared to the word itself
(it’s been around for over 200 years).
If you would like to learn more about the word
that bridges Notorious B.I.G. and Archibald Loudon
(author of the 1811 A Selection of Some of the Most Interesting Narratives) you may do so here.
No matter what Merriam-Webster says, "conversate" is not a word.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
Conversate gets a lot of abuse
Protestations and rancor effuse
Your editor bawls
And blames Biggie Smalls
But our records show centuries of use
Yes, we are aware that there are quite a few people out there
who do not consider conversate a real word.
However, since it has had significant use for a considerable length of time (since at least 1811), and is always used with a distinct meaning,
we have chosen to define it.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
Words at Play
Conversate
Definition: converse
The use of conversate raises the level of ire in many people
to an extent that one might describe as
"don’t you have better things to worry about?"
We would never describe it that way, mind you,
since we welcome all conversations on language,
no matter how splenetic the tone.
Some people object to this word by stating
“people converse, they don’t conversate!”
Others base their complaint on the notion that
this is a recent bit of slang,
and should not be granted citizenship in our language.
Conversate is not a new word, and can be found
as far back as the middle of the 16th century:
Granted, the above citation
uses conversate with a different meaning (“to become familiar with”)
than the one that is so often objected to today (“converse”),
but the “new” meaning is also not terribly new.
It dates back at least to 1811, and has been in regular use ever since.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
Old etiquette guides insisted that you should never use this word
converse
Although it is true
that the linguistic guidance provided in late 19th
and early 20th century etiquette books
was largely concerned with instructing readers
how to avoid mistakes,
the authors of many of these books were also concerned with
explaining how to not be a pedantic bore.
One such example is Cecil Hartley, who in his 1873 book
The Gentlemen’s Book of Etiquette wrote
“Avoid pedantry; it is a mark, not of intelligence, but of stupidity.”
Emily Post was likewise interested in teaching Americans
how to avoid sounding overly snooty;
converse was but one of many fancy words that she advised against using.
...the caricature “lady” with the comic picture “society manner”
who says “Pardon me” and talks of “retiring,”
and “residing,” and “desiring,” and “being acquainted with,”
and “attending” this and that with “her escort” .
.. does not belong to Best Society, and never will!
—Emily Post, Etiquette in Society, in Business, in Politics and at Home, 1922
