2021-05-13
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด – A – auger & augur
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Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง auger & augur = ‘AW-ger’
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language,
Phrasal Verb: usage of
auger in =
To descend out of control and crash.
Used ofaircraft and pilots.
To pay close attention or direct one's energy;
concentrate orfocus:
Let's auger in on the highest priorities.
Dictionary.com
VOCAB BUILDER
Whatdoes augur mean?
Augur means to be a sign or omen of something.
Tosay that an event or occurrence augurs well for the future
meansthat it is a sign or promise of good things to come
—that it foreshadows that things will go well,
as in: These clear skies augur well for our chances of holding the parade.
The verb bode is a close synonym,
as in: This does not bode well for us.
This sense of augur is often followed
by a word describinga positive or negative outcome,
especially well or ill,
or a specificoutcome,
as in: Early results of the testing augur success.
As a noun,
the word augur can be used to refer to a kind of prophet,
oracle, or soothsayer
—a person who is saidto be able to predict the future
byusing some mystical ability or means.
Thissense of augur comes from
a more specific useof it as a noun
referring toan Ancient Roman official
whoacted as soothsayer or priest.
Such augurs were responsible
for interpretingomens to guide decisions.
Roman lawmakerswould consult augurs before officially takinga position.
As a verb,
augur can also mean to predict using omens
or in some other mystical way.
Similarwords are divine and prognosticate.
The related noun
augury refers to the practice of soothsaying or divination.
Example: So far, the tone of the negotiations augur well for an agreement.
Wheredoes augur come from?
The first records of the word augur come from the 1540s.
It comes from the Latin augur or auger,
meaning “a diviner” or “a soothsayer,”
from the verb augēre, “to increase” or “to augment”
(with the implication of making something prosper).
The English words augment and inaugurate
are based on the same root.
Inaugurate means “to formally induct someone into public office”
and its origin alludes
to the Roman practice of politicians consulting augurs.
The Ancient Roman augurswere highly respected religious officials.
They were consultedprior to major events such as wars,
the founding of colonies,
and the induction (inauguration) of political officials.
Much of their augury was based on interpreting the flight patterns of birds.
Another wordfor this kind of augur is auspex.
The relatedword auspice
means “a favorable sign” or “a divination or prognostication,
such as: from observing birds.”
Even when augur is used in a general way
simply meaning “to be a sign of things to come,”
it is associated withthe mysticism of its more specific uses
that involvepeople claiming to actually predict the future.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Auger
Did You Know?
The toolcalled an auger has nothing to do with people’s navels,
butthe words auger and navel are related.
Thistool was first used to bore a hole for the axle
inthe nave, or hub, of a wheel.
Such a navewas called nafu in Old English.
Nafu is related to the word nafela, which became our word navel.
The Old English ancestorof auger was nafogar,
which was made upof nafu and gar, meaning “spear.”
By Middle English nafogar hadlost a syllable
and shrunk to nauger.
Since a nauger sounds like an auger,
people began to write an auger,
and our modern spelling of the word was born.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Augur
Did You Know?
Verb
Auguring iswhat augurs did in ancient Rome.
Thesewere official diviners
whose function it was, not to foretell the future,
butto divine
whetherthe gods approved of a proposed undertaking,
such as a military move.
Theydid so by various means,
among them observing the behavior of birds
and examining the entrails of sacrificed animals.
Nowadays,
the foretell sense of the verb is often used with an adverb,
such as well, as in: our example sentence.
Augur comes from Latin and is related to
the Latin verb augēre, meaning "to increase."
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Usage Notes
'Augur' or 'Auger'?
How to decipher signs of their confusion
What to Know
Auger is generally a noun
referring to a tool used for boring holes or moving loose material.
Augur can be a noun or a verb,
referring to onewho foretells events
based onomens, or the act of doing so.
If something "augurs well" or "augurs ill,"
it meansthat something good or bad is predicted
to happen, respectively.
If you occasionally havetrouble distinguishing
between certainwords that look and sound similar,
such as: augur and auger, don’t feel bad about it.
This tricky duo has been bedeviling writers for many decades,
and examples of incorrect use
may be found in a wide variety of highly edited prose:
First-half goals from Joe Chalmers and Billy Mckay and a Ross Stewart
effort early in the second period auger well for County.
— Sunday Times (London, Eng.), 4 Aug. 2019
Baseball needs the upbeat, the upstarts,
and that might auger well for a World Series between the Mets,
who lost 91 games themselves two years ago, and Lim Lleyland’s Tigers….
— The New York Times, 5 Oct. 2006
”They’ll have all the holes in the sidewalks ready by July 13,” she said.
“On July 15, the contractors will come around again
and augur the holes, to loosen up the soil.”
— The San Francisco Examiner, 15 Jul. 1992
Potts, a local fishing guide, increases his chances
by drilling many different holes with his augur.
— The Salt Lake Tribune, 8 Mar. 1993
Usage of 'Auger'
Althoughthey are homophones,
and are spelled inalmost identical manner,
auger and augur are semantically and etymologically quite distinct.
Auger is most commonly encountered as noun,
defined as“any of various tools or devices with a helicalshaft
orpart that are used for boring holes (as in: wood, soil, or ice)
ormoving loose material (such as: snow).”
The word may also function as a verb,
with the meaning “to moveby use of an auger.”
InMiddle English the name for this tool was nauger,
and due to a nauger sounding similar to an auger,
people further shortened the word into its present spelling.
Usage of 'Augur'
Augur also functions as a noun and a verb.
When used as a nounit carries such meanings
as“an official diviner of ancient Rome”
and “one held to foretell events by omens”;
the verb sensesinclude
“to foretellespecially from omens”
and“to give promise of, to presage.”
Augur comes from Latin,
and is thought to bedescended from augēre, meaning “to increase.”
The foretellingsense of augur is often found,
paired with wordssuch as well or ill.
This use (as in augur well) typically means that
something promising is coming;
it does not usually mean that
someoneor something is good at foretelling.
If something augers well
that meansthat it is good at boring holes.
The auger beetle
(“any of a number of elongated cylindrical beetles (family Bostrychidae)
having the head protected by the heavy often spiny prothorax
and boring in and feeding on wood”) augers well.
As certain typesof auger beetles are considered pests
and may damagetrees,
their appearance augurs illfor the health of of your foliage
when they appear.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
augur
What it meant:
a memberof the highest class of official diviners of ancient Rome
Augur is rarely used in English today in its original sense,
which was as a nounfor
an official diviner (soothsayer) of ancient Rome
(which raises the question of
whether there were also unofficial soothsayers).
Currently augur is most often found used as a verb,
meaning “presage” or “foretell from omens,”
with no particular references to Rome,
or whether the foretelling being done is official or not.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Word History
The Origin of 'Inaugurate'
What does 'inaugurate' have to do with interpreting omens?
Inauguration is all about telling what the future holds
—etymologicallyspeaking.
Inaugurate comes from the Latin word inaugurare,
which was formed bycombining in- with augēre,
meaning “to increase.” Augēre is likely theorigin of augur,
spelled the samein Latin and English,
thoughthe path of the word’s development isn’t certain.
Either augur originallymeant
“one who furthersthe growth or increase of an enterprise”
and subsequently
“one who seesfavorable omens for success”
or the progression could have been
“growth or increase owing to the gods’ favor”
and subsequently“favorable omen,”
with the omen then becoming the word
for the person whoreads or announces it,
makingan augur “an official diviner of ancient Rome.”
Anotherrelated word
developedto name the activity of augurs: augury.
In ancient Rome, the official diviner’s job
was to interpret signs and portents before an important undertaking.
Their function was not to tell the future,
but rather to discover whether or not
the gods approved of the action or office
before it was undertaken,
which is how 'inaugurate' came to mean
“to consecrate” or “to install” or “to invest.”
Augēre is also the root of augment.
While inaugurare meantboth
“to practiceaugury” and “to consecrate by augury,”
referringto the rites connected with reading omens,
only the second meaning passed into English with inaugurate.
In ancient Rome,
the official diviner’s job was to interpret signs and portents
beforean important undertaking,
especially a military or political course of action.
Their functionwas not to tell the future,
but rather to discover whether or not the gods approved of the action
or officebefore it was undertaken,
which ishow inaugurate came to mean
“to consecrate” or “to install” or “to invest.”
This meaning, “to induct into office with suitable ceremonies,”
goes back to the 1500sin English as both a verb and a noun:
They did inaugurate and confirme, Apollodorus Cizicenus Captaine
in warre oftentimes, notwithstanding he was an Allien, and Outlander.
—Claudius Aelian (trans. Abraham Fleming), A Registre of Hystories, 1576
Likewise it is termed an inunction, the annointing of God,
whereby we are inaugurated and destrinated to an infallible inheritance certainly reserued in the hands of a strong keeper
against that famous day of our redemption.
—John Prime, An Exposition, 1587
A litle after was leo the ffyghe made byshope, and within xl.
dayes of his inauguracion, is uery ffrend Christopher cast hym in to pryson.
—John Hooper, An Answer vnto my Lord of Wynthesters Booke, 1547
Yea nothing was he permitted to do to hym self or to his children
either in his or theyr inauguration and sanctification to the preesthode,
but all was committed to the care of Moses….
—John Knox, The Appellation of Iohn Knoxe, 1558
The main methodof augury
was the observationof the flight of birds, known as an auspice.
For example,
when looking forthe answer to a question,
the augurs would observe the direction of the flight of birds
asa good or bad sign.
Auspice came to mean “a favorable sign”
and “under the auspices of” means “with the help and support of”
—reflecting a favorable view of an endeavor.
Inauguration was used from the very beginning
with reference tothe President of the United States.
In a letter written by Alexander Hamilton to the newly elected
George Washington in May of 1789, Hamilton reflects on
the “etiquette proper to be observed by the President”:
The President to acceptno invitations:
and to give formalentertainments only twice or four times a year
on the anniversaries of important events in the revolution.
If twice,
the day of the declaration of Independence,
and that of the inauguration of the President,
which completed the organization of the Constitution,
to be preferred;
if four times,
the day of the treaty of alliance with France
& that of the definitive treaty with Britain to be added.
And in a news headline after the event:
Washington inaugurated President, April 30
—The Massachusetts Magazine, Dec. 1790
In Hamilton’s letter to Washington,
he makes it clear that the president of the new country
must put equalityfirst among considerations of the actions
and demeanor of the president
—the inauguration would not be a coronation.
And yet, Hamilton addresses Washington as “Your Excellency”
in the same letter,
keeping the tone high because the occasion was auspicious.
Common Errors In English Usage Dictionary
Auger & augur
An augurwas an ancient Roman prophet,
and as a verb the word means “foretell”
—“their love augurs well for a successful marriage.”
Don’t mixthis word up with “auger,”
a tool for boring holes.
Some people mishear the phrase “augurs well” as “all goes well”
and mistakenly use that instead.
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