2021-05-01
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด – A – angry & mad
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Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง angry = ‘ANG-gree’
Angry used in New England and Midland US means “inflamed” severely.
ออกเสียง mad = ‘MAD’
Farlex Trivia Dictionary.
Angry adj. =
- Describing a wound or sore that is red and inflamed.
See also related terms for sore.
Farlex Trivia Dictionary.
Mad adj.
- gale = A very strong wind, probably related to Old Norse galinn,
"frantic, mad."
- Refers to the fact
that hat makers suffered mental illness in the old days
when they got mercury poisoning from treating fur.
- madding = In "far from the madding crowd,"
madding is a poetic survival meaning "wild, furious, raving, mad."
Dictionary.com
SYNONYMSTUDY FOR MAD
Mad, crazy, insane
are used to characterize wildly impractical or foolish ideas, actions, etc.
Mad suggests senselessness and excess:
The scheme of buying the bridge was absolutely mad.
In informal usage,
crazy suggests recklessness and impracticality:
a crazy young couple.
Insane is used with some opprobrium to express unsoundness and possible harmfulness:
The new traffic system is simply insane.
Dictionary.com
USAGENOTE FOR MAD
Mad meaning “enraged, angry” has been used since 1400,
and this sense is a very common one.
Because some teachers and usage critics
insist that the only correct meaning of
mad is“mentally disturbed, insane,”
mad is often replaced by angry in formalcontexts:
The president is angry at Congress for overriding his veto.
Dictionary.com
HISTORICALUSAGE OF MAD
The historyof mad is complicated both in form and in meaning.
In form mad goes back to Old English gemǣd
“troubled in mind, demented,”
the past participleof an unrecorded verb gemǣdan
“to madden, make foolish,”
a derivative ofthe adjective gemād (also mād )
“unreasoning, foolish, mad.”
The Old English formsare from the Germanic adjective gamaidaz
“changed for the worse, abnormal.”
The element maid- in gamaidaz is from Proto-Indo-European moi-,
a variant of the root mei-, moi- “to change, exchange, go, move,”
extended with a dentalsuffix ( -d in Germanic, -t elsewhere).
The same suffixed variant moit- appears in Latin mūtāre
“to change, exchange, give and receive in exchange.”
Sicilian Greek (therefore likely to be influenced by Latin) has the noun moîtos “thanks, favor, reward,”
which is possibly a borrowing from Old Latin moitus.
The progression of senses of mad starts with its original sense
in Old English, “troubled in mind, demented.”
The senses“rabid (dog),” “foolish or unwise,” and “overcomeby desire or eagerness” are all recorded from around 1300.
Mad in the sense “enraged, angry” arose after about 1400.
This senseof mad is the usual colloquial term in the United States
(the British are more likely to use angry)
and has been condemned by the arbiters of usage since the late-18th century.
The sense“wildly lively, merry” is an Americanism,
associated with jazzand African Americans, and dates to the early 1940s.
like mad (initially, for mad) is quite old, from the 14th century.
We take it today to mean “with great haste or energy,”
but the original meaning was more literal:
“in the manner of one who is mad.”
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Word History
Can'Mad' Mean 'Angry'?
People have complained about it since 1781,
but there's no historical basis for the complaint
The principalmeanings of mad,
“crazy,” “foolish,” “enthusiastic,” and “angry,” all date back to the 1300s
—so far back in the history of the English language
that it’s difficult to tell which one came first.
Knowing for sure which meaning came first
would allow us to plot the progress of the word:
didthe “angry” meaning derive from the “crazy” meaning,
orwas it the other way around? We may never know.
In British English today,
a statement like “He must be mad”
is understood to mean “He must be crazy.”
Nevertheless, even given this shared history,
one particular meaning has often been criticized.
Using mad to mean “angry” has been controversial:
as far back as 1781,
this use was described
as “not found in any accurate writer, nor used by any good speaker.”
British criticswho disliked the usage labeled it an Americanism
—the kiss of death for a British commentator on English usage.
If it could ever be said
that a single meaning of a word had an inferiority complex,
it could be said of mad.
But mad meaning “angry” does, in fact, have an English pedigree:
And I punished them oft in every synagogue,
and compelled them to blaspheme;
and being exceedingly mad against them,
I persecuted them even unto strange cities.
—King James Bible, Acts 26:11
I then, all smarting with my wounds being cold,
To be so pester'd with a popinjay,
Out of my grief and my impatience,
Answer'd neglectingly I know not what,
He should or he should not; for he made me mad
—Shakespeare, Henry IV Part 1, Act 1, Scene 3
It should be noted, however,
that Shakespeare used mad to mean “crazy”
much morefrequently than he used it to mean “angry.”
In British English today, a statement like “He must be mad”
is understood to mean “He must be crazy.”
So, though the “angry” meaning isn’t an Americanism in origin,
it has become more standard in American English over time.
Samuel Johnson’s famous dictionary, published in London in 1755,
included the sense “enraged; furious,”
but Noah Websterin 1828 seemed already aware of the controversy.
He includes the definition “Inflamed with anger; very angry,”
but adds a note:
This is a common and perhaps the most general sense of the word in America.
It is thus used by Arbuthnot, and is perfectly proper.
Another opinion comes from the fine Worcester’s Dictionary of 1860;
he calls the usage colloquial
and makes very neutral, non-judgmental comments about it:
This is a very common colloquial use of this word in this country;
as, he was very mad; that is, very angry;
and in this senseit is said to be very common in conversation in England.
According to Halliwell,
mad is used in the sense of angry in various dialects in England.
—“Indeed, my dear, you make me mad sometimes.” Spectator No. 176
Books on English in the early 1900s called this use “careless,”
but in factthere never was a reason for stigmatizing mad meaning “angry”
—like so many usage controversies,
this one was made up by people who confused their own taste with the way language actually works.
It's fineto use mad to mean "angry"
—even if doing so makes some people mad.
Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary
mad usage:
mad has been used in the meaning “enraged, angry” since 1300.
Because this sense is sometimes criticized,
mad is often replaced by angry in formal contexts:
The president is angry at Congress for overriding his veto.
Collins English Dictionary
angrily adv
Usage:
It was formerly considered incorrect
to talk about being angry at a person, but this use is now acceptable
Collins COBUILD English Usage
angry
Angry is normally used to talk about someone's mood
or feelings on a particular occasion.
If someone is often angry, you can describe them as bad-tempered.
Are you angry with me for some reason?
She's a bad-tempered young lady.
If someone is very angry, you can describe them as furious.
Senior police officers are furious at the blunder.
If they are less angry, you can describe them as annoyed or irritated.
The Premier looked annoyed but calm.
...a man irritated by the barking of his neighbour's dog.
Typically, someone is irritated by something
because it happens constantly or continually.
If someone is often irritated, you can describe them as irritable.
Collins COBUILD English Usage
MAD
1. 'mad'
In conversation and informal writing,
people often describe a foolish action or idea as mad.
Camping in winter was a mad idea.
You would be mad to refuse such a great offer.
In conversation, mad is sometimes used to mean 'angry'.
If you are mad at someone, you are angry with them.
When she told him she wouldn't go, he got mad.
My parents were mad at me for waking them up so early.
2. 'mad about'
If you are mad about something that has happened,
you are angry about it.
He's really mad about being lied to.
In conversation, you can say that someone is mad about an activity,
when they like it very much.
Her daughter is mad about dancing.
The whole family is mad about football.
3. mental illness
If someone has a mental illness that makes them behave in strange ways,
don't say that they are 'mad'.
You should use the phrase mentally ill.
She spent time in hospital when she was mentally ill.
The drug is used to treat mentally ill patients.
Dictionary of Problem Words in English
angry& mad
Angry means “indignant,” “wrathful,” “inflamed.”
In idiomatic English, you may be angry about a situation or event,
angry at an animal or an inanimate object,
and angry with(not at) a person.
In precise English, mad has a suggestion of abnormality,
of being “disordered in intellect,” “insane.”
A mad person is insane; a mad dog has rabies; mad hasteis frenzied;
a mad ideais senseless or unwise.
The formalword for wrathful is angry.
Colloquially(that is informally),
mad is often used to mean “angry,”
but mad is employed by careful speakers and writers
to convey only a sense of disorder or abnormality.
