2021-04-14
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด – A – Aggravate & annoy & irritate
แนะนำการใช้ ตามที่ส่วนใหญ่ใช้ แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจผันแปร ตาม ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง Aggravate = ‘AG-ruh-veyt’
ออกเสียง annoy = ‘uh-NOI’
ออกเสียง irritate = ‘IR-i-teyt’
Abused, Confused, & Misused Words by Mary Embree
Aggravate = to make worse:
The smoky room aggravated her asthma.;
= to annoy:
Don’t aggravate the substitute teacher.
Not to be confused with:
irritate = exasperate; provoke; inflame or chafe:
Her incessant chatter irritates me.
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language,
Usage Note:
Aggravate comes from the Latin verb aggravāre, which
meant "to make heavier," that is, "to add to the weight of."
It also had the extended senses "to burden" or "to oppress."
On the basis of this etymology,
it is claimed by some that aggravate should not be used
to mean "to irritate, annoy, rouse to anger."
But such senses for the word date back to the 17th century
and are pervasive.
In our 2005 survey, 83 percent of the Usage Panel accepted this usage in the sentence: It's the endless wait for luggage that aggravates me the most about air travel.
This was a significant increase from the 68 percent who accepted the same sentence in 1988.
Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary
ag′gra•va`tor, n.
usage:
The two most common senses of the verb aggravate
are “to make worse” and “to annoy, exasperate.”
Both senses, and the corresponding senses of the noun aggravation,
appeared in the early 17th century at almost the same time
and have been standard since then.
The noun and verb senses “to annoy” and “annoyance”
are sometimes objected to, and used somewhat less frequently
than “to make worse” in formal speech and writing.
Dictionary.com
SYNONYM STUDY FOR AGGRAVATE
Aggravate, intensify
both mean to increase in degree.
To aggravate is to make more serious or more grave:
to aggravate a danger, an offense, a wound.
To intensify is perceptibly to increase intensity, force, energy, vividness, etc.: to intensify heat, color, rage.
USAGE NOTE FOR AGGRAVATE
The two most common senses of aggravate
are “to make worse” and “to annoy or exasperate.”
Both senses first appeared in the early 17th century
at almost the same time;
the corresponding two senses of the noun aggravation also appeared then.
Both sensesof aggravate and aggravation have been standardsince then.
The use of aggravate to mean “annoy” is sometimes objected to
because it departs from the etymological meaning “to make heavier,”
and in formal speechand writing the sense “annoy”
is somewhat less frequent than “to make worse.”
The noun aggravation meaning “annoyance”
occurs in all types of speech and writing.
SYNONYM STUDY FOR IRRITATE
Irritate, exasperate, provoke
mean to annoyor stir to anger.
To irritate is to excite to impatience or angry feeling,
often of no great depth or duration:
to irritate by refusing to explain an action.
To exasperate is to irritate to a point
where self-control is threatened or lost:
to exasperate by continual delays and excuses.
To provoke is to stir to a sudden, strong feeling
of resentful anger as by unwarrantable acts or wanton annoyance:
to tease and provoke an animal until it attacks.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Common Uses of Aggravate, Aggravation,and Aggravating:
Usage Guide
Although aggravate has been used to refer
to rousing someone to anger since the 17th century,
it has been the object of disapprovalonly since about 1870.
It is used in expository prose
when his silly conceit … about his not-very-good early work has begun to aggravate us — William Styron
but seems to be more common in speech and casual writing.
a good profession for him, because bus drivers get aggravated — Jackie Gleason, interview, 1986
& now this letter comes to aggravate me a thousand times worse — Mark Twain, letter, 1864
The "make worse" meaning is far more common in published prose than the "rouse to anger" meaning.
Such is not the case, however, with aggravation and aggravating.
Aggravation is used in the "irritation, provocation" sense
somewhat more than in its earliersenses;
aggravating has practically no use other than to express annoyance.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Usage Notes
Should 'aggravate' onlybe used to mean 'to make worse'?
The most aggravating of all usage controversies
We all havefriends and acquaintances who
on occasion will aggravate us.
Sometimesthese people
manageto perform this feat through pedestrian means,
such as by borrowingmoney, or a book,
and failing to return it.
Other timesit will be through a more pedantic approach,
such as correcting uswhen we use the word aggravate
to mean “annoy.”
If you have not the benefit of such friends and acquaintances,
and do not yet know what is wrong with saying “you aggravated me,”
the objection is that this word should properly only
be used to mean “to make worse.”
This objection began somewhat recently, around 1870,
and soon was embraced by usage writers aplenty.
aggravate, aggravation.
The use of these in the sense annoy, vex, annoyance, vexation,
should be left to the uneducated.
It is for the most part a feminine or childish colloquialism,
but intrudes occasionally into the newspapers.
—H. W. Fowler, A Dictionary of Modern English Usage, 1926
The significationof making an ill condition worse
is the only one in which the verb Aggravate is properly used;
it is a vulgarism to employ the word in the sense of annoying, causing pain or grief.
—Joseph Fitzgerald, Word and Phrase, 1901
It is in some ways a curious admonition;
the “make worse” sense of aggravate is not the oldest one,
as the word previously had the meanings of “to make heavy” and “to exaggerate.”
However, the grammar scolds of the late 18th and early 19th centuries
did not appear to rateconsistency as a cardinal virtue,
and so, they stuck with this idea.
In the middle of the 20th century it was still commonly advised against,
as in the case of Theodore Bernstein, a noted usage writer.
”Aggravate”means “to increase or make worse”;
it should notbe used to mean “irritate” or “exasperate.”
—Theodore Bernstein, Watch Your Language, 1958
What is interesting about Bernstein’s warning
is that he unwittingly shows how tricky semantic change can be.
Neither exasperate nor irritate
have always meant“to annoy.”
Exasperate appears to have entered written English use in the 1520s, simultaneously taking the meanings of “to make worse” and “to annoy”
(or, “to aggravate” and “to aggravate”).
Throughout the 15th and 16th centuries
it is not uncommon to see exasperate used synonymously with aggravate in the sense of “to make worse.”
And the earliest sense of irritate was “to provoke or excite.”
Thomas Elyot, in his 1531 work The Boke Named the Gouernour wrote
“A man shall irritate vice, if he prohibite.”
(He meant this would excite vice, not annoy it.)
So how long has aggravate beenused in the sense
of “I really wish you would stop doing that”?
About 400 years, and we’re sure it will be widely accepted any day now.
Just kidding.
The 2015 edition of The New York Times Manual of Style and Usage
says of aggravate that “It means to make worse, not to anger or irritate.”
Actually, the Times is a bit of a holdout in this regard,
and most usage guides will accept (sometimes begrudgingly)
the use of aggravate to mean “annoy.”
This sense has been sanctioned through use by authors
such as Mark Twain, Charles Dickens, Herman Melville, and hundreds of others.
If you decide to use the word in this fashion
and someone informs you that you are wrong,
you could always respond with “stop vexing me.”
Dictionary.com
VOCAB BUILDER
What does annoy mean?
Annoy means to bother or irritate.
The word implies that the resulting irritation
does not riseto the level of serious harmor a major problem
—even if someone or something annoys you very much.
People usually annoy through
some kind of irritating and unwanted behavior
(especially when it’s repeated),
such as chewing too loudly
or asking you the same question over and over again.
Things that annoy are often those that distract, interrupt, or intrude
on what you’re trying to do,
like a noise that keeps waking you up
when you’re trying to fall asleep or a pop-up ad.
Someone who is botheredin this way
can be describedas annoyed.
Someone or somethingthat annoys you
can be described as annoying.
Someone or something that annoys you
can be called an annoyance.
Less commonly, annoy means to harass.
In this case,
the results are more serious than the more common meaning of annoy.
Example: Mom, Jeff is trying to annoy me again! He keeps humming!
Where does annoy come from?
The first records of the word annoy come from the 1200s.
It comes from the Old French anoier, meaning “to tire” or “to harm.”
This term derived from the Late Latin verb inodiāre,
which means “to cause aversion”
and itself comes from the Latin phrase mihi in odiōest,
meaning “I dislike.”
People and thingsthat annoy are doing something that you dislike
—something that bothers you.
Still, it’s usually something minor and not truly harmful.
Annoy has a lot of synonyms that can be used in all kindsof annoying situations,
including bother, aggravate, pester, vex,
irritate, irk, exasperate, and perturb.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Choose the Right Synonym for annoy
mean to upset a person's composure.
ANNOY implies a wearing on the nerves by persistent petty unpleasantness.
their constant complaining annoys us
VEX implies greaterprovocation and stronger disturbance
and usually connotes anger but sometimes perplexity or anxiety.
vexed by her son's failure to clean his room
IRK stresses difficulty in enduring and the resulting weariness
or impatience of spirit.
careless waste irks the boss
BOTHER suggests interference with comfort or peace of mind.
don't bother me while I'm reading
Choose the Right Synonym for annoy (for kids)
mean to disturband upset a person.
ANNOY is used for bothering someone to the point of anger.
I am annoyed by your bad behavior.
PESTER is used for bothering someone over and over.
Stop pestering me for more money.
TEASE often is used for continually tormenting someone until that person is provoked or upset.
They teased the child to the point of tears.
Choose the Right Synonym for irritate
IRRITATE, EXASPERATE, NETTLE, PROVOKE, RILE, PEEVE
mean to excite a feeling of anger or annoyance.
IRRITATE implies an often gradual arousing of angry feelings
that may range from mere impatience to rage.
constant nagging that irritated me greatly
EXASPERATE suggests galling annoyance and the arousing of extreme impatience.
his exasperating habit of putting off needed decisions
NETTLE suggests a sharp but passing annoyance or stinging.
your pompous attitude
nettled several people
PROVOKE implies an arousing of strong annoyance that may excite to action.
remarks made solely to provoke her
RILE implies inducing an angry or resentful agitation.
the new work schedules riled the employees
PEEVE suggests arousing fretful often petty or querulous irritation.
a toddler peeved at being refused a cookie
Dictionary of Problem Words in English
Aggravate & annoy & irritate
Aggravate
means “to intensify,”
“to increase something unpleasant,”
“to make worse,”
“to make more grave or serious.”
Used informally and loosely,
aggravate means “to irritate,” “to annoy.”
Annoy means “to harass.” “to pester,” “to disturb,”
“to irritate by bothering.”
Irritate meaning “to excite to impatience,”
is a virtualsynonym for annoy
but refers to a milder disturbance or lesser upset.
Aggravate is the strongest of the three terms.
“Sneezing aggravated Jack’s open wound.”
“The buzzing mosquito annoyed me.”
“Rude remarks about his ability irritated the foreman.”
