2021-01-01
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด R – Right & rightly
แนะนำการใช้ ตามที่ส่วนใหญ่ใช้ แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจผันแปร ตาม ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง Right = ‘RAHYT’
ออกเสียง rightly = ‘RAHYT-lee’
Abused, Confused, & Misused Words by Mary Embree
Right = correct; proper;
just; appropriate: the right way
Not to be confused with:
rite = religious ceremony; ceremonial act: marriage rite
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language,
right′ness n.
Synonyms: right, privilege, prerogative, perquisite
These nouns apply to something,
such as a power or possession,
to which one has an established claim.
Right refers to a legally, morally, or traditionally just claim:
"An unconditional right to say what one pleases about public affairs is what I consider to be the minimum guarantee of the First Amendment" (Hugo L. Black).
Privilege usually suggests an advantage or opportunity
not enjoyed by everyone:
Use of the company jet was a privilege reserved for the top executives.
Prerogative denotes an exclusive right or privilege,
as one based on custom, law, or office:
It is my prerogative to change my mind.
A perquisite is a privilege accorded by
virtue of one's employment, position, or rank:
"The old newspapers and wax candle-ends from the drawing-room were the perquisites of the butler" (Elizabeth Langland).
Our Living Language
Speakers of Standard English mainly
restrict the use of adverbial right
to modify adverbs of space or time,
as in She's right over there or Do it right now!
No such restriction applies in Southern vernacular speech,
where right can be used tointensify the meaning
of many adjectives and adverbs,
as in He's right nice or You talk right fast.
This broader use of right is attestedas far back as the 1400s
and is found in the works of Shakespeare and other great writers.
Thus, what appears to be neglect of Standard English rules
is actually the retention of a historical usage.
The use of right as an adverb
indicating directness, completeness, or general intensity
seems to be related to the use of right
in a more concrete sense
to refer to something that is perfectly straight
or perpendicular to something else,
as in right angle.
A similar connection between concrete and metaphorical
meaning lies behind the Southern adverbial usage of plumb,
as in He fell plumb asleep
as an indicator of completeness or totality.
Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary,
right′er, n.
right′ness, n.
usage:
right in the sense of “very, extremely”
is neither old-fashioned nor dialectal.
It is most common in informal speech and writing:
You know right well what I mean.
Its use in formal contexts can be regarded as inappropriate or erroneous.
Collins COBUILD English Usage
right
If you say that something is right,
you mean that it is correct or appropriate.
You've got the pronunciation right.
You must do things in the right order.
In conversation, right is sometimes an adverb.
For example, someone might say 'He didit right'.
In writing, it is better to avoid this use.
You should say 'He did it the right way'
or 'He did it in the right way'.
I assured him that he was playing exactly the right way.
I thought I handled it in the right way.
Dictionary.com
ORIGIN OF RIGHT
First recorded before 900; (noun and adjective) Middle English;
Old English reht, riht; cognate with Dutch, German recht,
Old Norse rēttr, Gothic raihts; akin to Latin rēctus, Old Irish recht “law,” Greek orektós “upright”; (verb) Middle English righten,
Old English rihtan, cognate with Old Frisian riuchta, German richten,
Old Norse rētta; (adverb) Middle English; Old English rihte
USAGE NOTE FOR RIGHT
Right in the sense of “very, extremely”
is either archaic or dialectal.
It is most common in informal speech and writing:
It's right cold this morning.
The editor knew right well where the story had originated.
Dictionary.com
Why Do “Left” And “Right” Mean Liberal AndConservative?
In election years,
the words left and right more often bring to mind
the political spectrum than they do directions in space.
But, how did liberal politics
become associated with the word left, anyways?
And why are conservatives labelled as right?
You know how we always warn you to be skeptical
of origin stories that sound too good to be true?
Well, the history of left and right
in politics turns out to be a fascinating exception.
What does left mean?
In politics, left refers topeople and groups
that have liberal views.
That generally means they support progressive reforms,
especially those seeking greater socialand economic equality.
The far left is often used for what is considered
more extreme, revolutionary views,
such as communism and socialism.
Collectively,
people and groups, as well as the positions they hold,
are referred to as the Left or the left wing.
What does right mean?
The word right, in contrast,
refers to people or groups that have conservative views.
That generally means they are
disposed to preserving existing conditionsand institutions.
Or, they want to restore traditional onesand limit change.
The far right is often used for more extreme,
nationalistic viewpoints,
including fascism and some oppressive ideologies.
People and groups, as well as their positions,
are collectively referred to as the Right orthe right wing.
The origin of left and right in politics
The origin of the political left and right do
actually have to with the physical directions, left and right.
Time for a history lesson.
Left and right originally referred seating positions in the 1789 French National Assembly,
the parliament France formed after the French Revolution.
Relative to the viewpoint of the speaker (chair) of this assembly,
to the right were seated nobility
and more high-ranking religious leaders.
To the left were seated commoners
and less powerful clergy.
The right-hand side (called le côté droit in French)
became associated with more reactionary views (more pro-aristocracy)
and the left-hand side (le côté gauche)
with more radical views (more pro-middle class).
Left and right, as politicaladjectives, are recorded in English in the 1790s.
What does it mean to be in the center?
Seating positions starting in the 1789 French National Assembly
closer to the center likewise became associated with
less extreme views.
Center politics favor moderate positions.
People holding these views are often called moderates.
Political independents often fall at the center
of the political spectrum.
Center-left refers to people,groups, or views
that are just to the left of the political center in a country.
Center-right refers to being a little bit to the right of center.
In the US, people often use left as a shorthand for
the Democratic Party
and right as a shorthand forthe Republican Party.
But keep in mind that politics is always far more complicated
than the labels we give to it —and each other.
Best not to let things get all … upside down, no?
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Choose the Right Synonym for right
Adjective
CORRECT, ACCURATE, EXACT, PRECISE, NICE, RIGHT
mean conforming to fact, standard, or truth.
CORRECT usually implies freedom from fault or error.
correct answers socially correct dress
ACCURATE implies fidelity to fact or truth attained by exercise of care.
an accurate description
EXACT stresses a very strict agreement with fact, standard, or truth.
exact measurements
PRECISE adds to EXACT an emphasis on sharpness of definition or delimitation. precise calibration
NICE stresses great precision and delicacy of adjustment or discrimination. makes nice distinctions
RIGHT isclose to CORRECT but has a stronger positive emphasis on conformity to fact or truthrather than mere absence of error or fault. the right thing to do
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Word History
The Left Hand of (Supposed) Darkness
On ‘sinister,’ ‘dexterity,’ ‘gauche,’ and ‘adroit’
What to Know
Sinister, today meaning evil ormalevolent in some way,
comes from a Latin word simply meaning "on the left side."
"Left" being associated with evillikely comes from
a majority of the population being right handed,
biblical texts describing God saving those on the right on Judgment day, and imagesdepicting Eve on Adam's left.
Consequently, the Latin for "right," dexter,
finds its way into positive words like dexterous,
and the French word for right (droit) is found in adroit.
We think of sinister as an adjective
to describe what is frightfully suggestive of darkness or evil.
He wore a sombrero hat, with a wide leather band and a bright buckle,
and the ends of his moustache were twisted up stiffly, like little horns.
He looked lively and ferocious, I thought, and as if he had a history.
A long scar ran across one cheek and drew the corner of his mouth up in a sinister curl.
— Willa Cather, My Ántonia, 1918
The movie [Doctor Sleep] focuses on an adult Danny Torrance (Ewan McGregor), who protects a young girl from a sinister group known as The True Knot.
— Christopher Fiduccia, Screen Rant, 28 Oct. 2019
Werner runs the needle through the frequencies, switches bands, retuned the transceiver again, scouring the static. The air swarms with it day and night, a great, sad, sinister Ukrainian static that seems to have been here long before humans figured out how to hear it.
— Anthony Doerr, All the Light We Cannot See, 2014
'Sinister' Meaning and Origin
Sinister comes from a Latin word meaning “on the left side,”
and while the earliest uses of the word in English
—dating from the 14th century
—pertain to some measure of evil, forboding, or malevolence,
others retain the Latin meaning of “left”:
PAROLLES. … you shall find in the regiment of
the Spinii one Captain Spurio, with his cicatrice, an emblem of
war, here on his sinister cheek; it was this very sword
entrench'd it.
— William Shakespeare, All’s Well That Ends Well, Act II, Scene i, 1623
Why Was 'Left' Considered Evil?
The association of the directional leftwith evil
is likely attributed to the dominance of right-handed people
within a population, and consequently the awkwardness of motions
made from the left side of the body.
Such darkness wasn’t always attached to that side, however.
The Ancient Celts, for example, worshipped the left side,
associating it with femininity and the fertile womb.
But beginning with the appearance of Eve on Adam’s left side
in accounts of Genesis, the Christian tradition
finds instances of the left side being pinned to immorality.
The Book of Matthew describes
how God will divide nations on the Day of Judgment,
“as a shepherd divideth his sheep from the goats; and he shall set the sheep on his right hand, but the goats on the left,”
with those on the right sent to the kingdom of Heaven
and those on the left “cursed, into everlasting fire,
prepared for the devil and his angels.”
Left-handed people comprise only 10 percent of the population,
and the preference for the left hand
demonstrated by the popular minority
was attributed to demonic possession,
leading to accusations of witchcraft.
In the 20th century, anthropologists and psychologists
identified left-handedness as a biological anomaly,
one associated with deviancy
but that could be corrected away with behavioral reinforcement.
If 'Left' Is Evil, What About 'Right'?
The historical association of sinister with evil or backwardness
is balanced linguistically by the fact that dexter,
the Latin word meaning “on the right side,”
comes with a largely positive connotation
that survives throughout its linguistic descendants.
To be dexterous,for example, is to be good with the hands
(like a surgeon) or a clever thinker,
while one who is ambidextrous
uses one’s left and right hand equally well.
The French word for “right or straight,” droit, gives us our word adroit,with a meaning similar to dexterous.
The parallel is carried on by other words.
The French word for “left,” gauche, is used in English
to mean “lacking social grace”
(“it’s considered gauche to arrive without a gift for the host”);
a synonym of gauche, also from French, is maladroit
(“a maladroit attempt to express his condolences”),
which again utilizes the French word droit.
And of course, our word right is used to mean “correct," “true,”
or "ethically sound" (“a right answer";
"didn't have the right address"; “the right thing to do”).
A popular maxim found on refrigerator magnets says that
if the right side of the brain controls the left side of the body,
then only left-handed people are in their right minds.
In spite of that observation,
the linguistic bias against the left side,
and left-handedness in particular,
is entrenched in English and many other languages,
and likely will never go away.
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expression
Right & rightly
Right can be a noun (you have a right),
a verb (right this wrong),
and adjective (my right foot),
or an adverb (right after bedtime).
Rightly is an adverb only (rightly dress).
Both right and rightly can be used as an adverb
to modify verbs (Spell it right or rightly),
but only rightly is standard in the meaning of “properly”:
“The arrested man rightly refused to talk to the police.”
Both right and the plural rightshave many additional meanings,
but one can avoid overusing
such already-hackneyed expression
as “be in one’s right mind,”
“put things right,” ‘the right things at the right time,”
“right of way,” “right wing,” “right about-face,”
“right away,” “out in the right field,”
“let the left hand know what the right hand is doing,”
“right to work,” “in one’s own right,”
“in the right,” “by rights,” and “set to rights.”
“Right along” “right soon, “rightoff,” and “right smart”
are informal and not-recommended phrases
indicating the use of right as an adverb.
