2020-12-16
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด R – Raise & rear & rise & raze
แนะนำการใช้ ตามที่ส่วนใหญ่ใช้ แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจผันแปร ตาม ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง Raise & raze = ‘REYZ’
ออกเสียง rear = ‘REER’
ออกเสียง rise = ‘RAHYZ’
Abused, Confused, & Misused Words by Mary Embree
raise
= lift, build, or erect:
The whole community helped them raise the house.
Not to be confused with:
rays = narrow beams of light;
= traces of an enlightening influence:
rays of hope
raze = tear down or demolish:
It took a demolition crew to raze the hotel.
Farlex Trivia Dictionary
Raze - razor
Raze, from French raser, "shave close,"
is from Latin radere, "scrape, scratch"
—also giving us razor.
See also related terms for scrape.
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language
rais′er n.
Usage Note:
A traditional usage rule holds that people
raise crops and farm animals
but rear children.
Nonetheless,
people have been raising children in English since the 1700s,
and the usage has been standard for many generations,
at least in American English.
The Usage Panelists find the use of raise acceptable
both for children and for livestock.
The Panelists also approve of using the verb rear for children,
but a sizable minority have reservations about using it for livestock.
In our 2013 survey, 41 percent disapproved of the sentence
The settlers reared cattle in the Valley before it was flooded.
This percentage, though still substantial, is a significant decrease from the 60 percent who disapproved of the same sentence in 2002.
Although contemporary usage allows writers
to raise both children and livestock,
careful writers should rear children only.
Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary,
rais′a•ble, raise′a•ble, adj.
rais′er, n.
usage:
Although similar in form and meaning,
rise and raise differ in grammatical use.
raise is almost always used transitively.
Its forms are regular:
Raise the window.
The flag had been raised before we arrived.
raise in the intransitive sense
“to rise up” is nonstandard:
Dough rises (not raises) better in warm temperature.
rise is almost exclusively intransitive in its standard uses.
Its forms are irregular:
My husband rises around seven.
The latest he has ever risen is eight.
The sun rose in a cloudless sky.
In American English a person receives a raise in salary;
in British English, a rise.
Both raise and rear are used in the U.S.
to refer to the upbringing of children.
Although raise in this sense is now standard,
it was formerly condemned and is still sometimes criticized.
Dictionary.com
SYNONYM STUDY FOR RAISE
Raise, lift, heave, hoist
imply bringing something up above its original position.
Raise, the most general word,
may mean to bring something to
or toward an upright positionwith one end resting on the ground;
or it may be used in the sense of lift,
moving an object a comparatively short distanceupward
but breaking completely its physical contactwith the place
where it had been:
to raise a ladder; to raise (lift) a package.
Heave implies lifting with effortor exertion:
to heave a huge box onto a truck.
Hoist implies lifting slowlyand gradually
something of considerable weight,
usually with mechanical help,
such as given by a crane or derrick:
to hoist steel beams to the top of the framework of a building.
Dictionary.com
SYNONYM STUDY FOR RAISE
Raise, lift, heave, hoist
imply bringing something up above its original position.
Raise, the most general word, may mean to bring something to or toward an upright position with one end resting on the ground;
or it may be used in the sense of lift, moving an object a comparatively short distance upward but breaking completely its physical contact with the place where it had been:
to raise a ladder; to raise ( lift ) a package.
Heave implies lifting with effort or exertion:
to heave a huge box onto a truck.
Hoist implies lifting slowly and gradually something of considerable weight, usually with mechanical help,
such as given by a crane or derrick: to hoist steel beams to the top of the framework of a building.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Choose the Right Synonym forraise
Verb
LIFT, RAISE, REAR, ELEVATE, HOIST, HEAVE, BOOST
mean to move from a lower to a higher place or position.
LIFT usually implies exerting effort to overcome resistance of weight.
lift the chair while I vacuum
RAISE carries a stronger implication of bringing up to the vertical or to a high position. scouts raising a flagpole
REAR may add an element of suddenness to RAISE. suddenly reared itself up on its hind legs
ELEVATE may replace LIFT or RAISE especially when exalting or enhancing is implied. elevated the taste of the public
HOIST implies lifting something heavy especially by mechanical means. hoisted the cargo on board HEAVE implies lifting and throwing with great effort or strain. heaved the heavy crate inside
BOOST suggests assisting to climb or advance by a push. boosted his brother over the fence
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Choose the Right Synonym for rise
Verb
SPRING, ARISE, RISE, ORIGINATE, DERIVE, FLOW,
mean to come up or out of something into existence.
SPRING implies rapid or sudden emerging. an idea that springs to mind
ARISE and RISE may both convey the fact of coming into existence or notice but RISE often stresses gradual growth or ascent. new questions have arisen slowly rose to prominence
ORIGINATE implies a definite source or starting point. the fire originated in the basement
DERIVE implies a prior existence in another form. the holiday derives from an ancient Roman feast
FLOW adds to SPRING a suggestion of abundance or ease of inception. words flowed easily from her pen
ISSUE suggests emerging from confinement through an outlet. blood issued from the cut
EMANATE applies to the coming of something immaterial (such as a thought) from a source. reports emanating from the capital
PROCEED stresses place of origin, derivation, parentage, or logical cause. advice that proceeds from the best of intentions
STEM implies originating by dividing or branching off from something as an outgrowth or subordinate development. industries stemming from space research
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Choose the Right Synonym for rear
Verb
LIFT, RAISE, REAR, ELEVATE, HOIST, HEAVE, BOOST
mean to move from a lower to a higher place or position.
LIFT usually implies exerting effort to overcome resistance of weight. lift the chair while I vacuum
RAISE carries a stronger implication of bringing up to the vertical or to a high position. scouts raising a flagpole
REAR may add an element of suddenness to RAISE. suddenly reared itself up on its hind legs
ELEVATE may replace LIFT or RAISE especially when exalting or enhancing is implied. elevated the taste of the public
HOIST implies lifting something heavy especially by mechanical means. hoisted the cargo on board
HEAVE implies lifting and throwing with great effort or strain. heaved the heavy crate inside
BOOST suggests assisting to climb or advance by a push. boosted his brother over the fence
Collins COBUILD English Usage
Bring up – raise – educate
1. 'bring up'
When you bring up children,
you look after them throughout their childhood,
as their parent or guardian.
Tony was brought up in a working-class family.
When my parents died, my grandparents brought me up.
2. 'raise'
Raise can be used to mean bring up.
Lynne raised three children on her own.
They want to get married and raise a family.
3. 'educate'
Don't confuse bring up or raise with educate.
When children are educated,
they are taught different subjects over a long period, usually at school.
Many more schools are needed to educate the young.
He was educated in an English public school.
Collins COBUILD English Usage
Rise – raise
Rise and raise are usually verbs.
1. 'rise'
Rise is an intransitive verb.
If something rises, it moves upwards.
Thick columns of smoke rise from the chimneys.
The other forms of rise are rises, rising, rose, risen.
A few birds rose noisily into the air.
The sun had risen behind them.
If an amount rises, it increases.
Commission rates are expected to rise.
Prices rose by more than 10%.
When someone who is sitting rises,
they raise their body until they are standing.
This use of rise occurs mainly in stories.
Dr Willoughby rose to greet them.
In conversation and in less formal writing,
don't say that someone 'rises'. Say that they stand up.
I put down my glass and stood up.
You can also use rise to say that someone gets out of bed in the morning.
This use of rise also occurs mainly in stories, especially when the author is mentioning the time at which someone gets out of bed.
They had risen at dawn.
In conversation and in less formalwriting,
don't use 'rise' to say that someone gets out of bed. Say that they get up.
Mike decided it was time to get up.
2. 'raise'
Raise is a transitive verb.
If you raise something, you move it to a higher position.
He raised the cup to his lips.
She raised her eyebrows in surprise.
3. used as nouns
Rise and raise can also be nouns.
A rise is an increase in an amount or quantity.
The price rises are expected to continue.
There has been a rise in crime.
In British English, a rise is also an increase in someone's wages or salary.
He asked his boss for a rise.
In American English, and sometimes in British English, people refer to this as a raise.
She got a 5% raise.
Collins COBUILD English Usage
Arise – rise
Both arise and rise are irregular verbs. The other forms of arise are arises, arising, arose, arisen.
The other forms of rise are rises, rising, rose, risen.
1. 'arise'
When an opportunity, problem, or situation arises,
it begins to exist.
He promised to help Rufus if the occasion arose.
A serious problem has arisen.
2. 'rise'
When something rises, it moves upwards.
Several birds rose from the tree-tops.
If an amount rises, it increases.
Unemployment has risen sharply.
Their profits rose to $1.8 million.
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expression
Raise & rear & rise & raze
Once it was maintained that people
raised pigs and corn and rearedchildren.
Careful speaker preserve this distinction,
but the general public does not;
therefore, you can raise or rear as many children as you can afford,
with no purist in language to prevent you.
The noun raise (a raise in pay) is also standard,
although rise (a rise in pay) was once considered the only proper term
in this construction.
The expression “pay raise” is wordy.
The verb raise is always transitive;
the verb rise is always intransitive:
One’s arm rises;
one raises his arm.
Raise and raze are antonym in the sense
that raise means “to elevate,” “to lift,”
whereas raze means “to tear down”:
“The workmen raised the scaffolding and then razed it.”
Try to avoid such cliché
as “raise one’ sights,” “raise Cain,”
“raise hell,” “raise money,” “raise a siege,”
“rise to the occasion,” “rise above the common place,”
“rise in the world,” “rise to one’s responsibilities,”
“rise from the dead,” “rise on one’s hind legs,”
“feel the yeast rising,” “rear guard,” and “bring up the rear.”
A horse rears (pronounced “reers”) up on its hindlegs, not rares (rhymes with dares) up.
