2020-12-04
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด P – prejudice
แนะนำการใช้ ตามที่ส่วนใหญ่ใช้ แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจผันแปร ตาม ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง prejudice = ‘PREJ-uh-dis’
Farlex Trivia Dictionary
Prejudice = Originally meant harm or injury caused to a person
resulting from a disregard for their rights;
it is from Latin, meaning "to judge beforehand."
See also related terms for rights.
Dictionary.com
VOCAB BUILDER
What does prejudice mean?
Prejudice is a bias ora preconceived opinion, idea,
or belief about something.
When you act based on prejudice,
you make up your mind about something
and make generalizations about it before fully knowing about it.
Though a prejudice can be positive,
the word most often refers to unfair and strongly held negative judgments
—especially hostile judgments about certainpeople.
Prejudice can refer to a specific instanceof such a belief,
as in He clearly has a prejudice against people of color,
or such beliefs collectively,
as in We need to eliminate prejudice from society.
Prejudice against people can be based on many parts of their identity,
including race, ethnicity, religion, gender or gender identity, sexuality, and language.
Such prejudices often create stereotypes about members of such groups.
A common and widespread form of prejudice is racism,
in which a person believes in the superiority of what
they consider to be their own “race” overothers.
This most often takes the form of believing that
those with other skin colors
—especially darker skin colors
—are inferior physically, intellectually, morally, and/or culturally,
and mistreating and discriminating against them because of this.
However, the word racism is often used to refer to more than just a prejudice
or an active hatred but to a system of oppression based on such prejudice
(often called systemic racism or institutional racism).
Someone who has a prejudice against others can be described as prejudiced.
Unfair treatment based on prejudice
or causing prejudice can be described as prejudicial.
Less commonly, the word prejudice can also be used
as a verb meaning to cause to be prejudiced against someone or something,
as in Bad press has prejudiced many voters against the candidate.
Where does prejudice come from?
The first records of the word prejudice come from the second half of the 1200s.
It comes from the Latin praejūdicium, a term that means “prejudgement”
and was originally used in the context of law.
The prefix pre- means “before,” and the second part of the word derives from the Latin jūdex, which means “judge” and is the basis of many law-related words,
such as judicial.
When you hold a prejudice againstsomeone, you prejudge them
—you make up your mind about what they’re like beforeyou even know them.
Some people who hold a prejudice against a group have never even met a member of that group.
In this way, prejudice is often a failure to treat people as individuals.
Though prejudice is often a personal belief,
the prevalence of such beliefs can and does formthe basis of systemic oppression.
Prejudice is often the reason that certain groups are marginalized
(treated as inferior and less important and pushed to the edges of society)
and discriminated against.
Different forms of prejudice often have specific names,
such racism, colorism, misogyny, anti-Semitism, Islamophobia,
homophobia, transphobia, ableism, and ageism.
Despite its association with such forms of intolerance,
the word prejudice is also commonly used in a more general way,
as in I didn’t expect the movie to be that good—I guess I just have a prejudice against romantic comedies.
A notable use of the word prejudice in literature
is in the title of the Jane Austen novel Pride and Prejudice.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Choose the Right Synonym for prejudice
Noun
PREDILECTION, PREPOSSESSION, PREJUDICE, BIAS
mean an attitude of mind that predisposes one to favor something.
PREDILECTION implies a strong liking deriving from one's temperament or experience. a predilection for travel
PREPOSSESSION suggests a fixed conception likely to preclude objective judgment of anything counter to it. a prepossession against technology
PREJUDICE usually implies an unfavorable prepossession and connotes a feeling rooted in suspicion, fear, or intolerance. a mindless prejudice against the unfamiliar
BIAS implies an unreasoned and unfair distortion of judgment in favor of or against a person or thing. a strong bias toward the plaintiff
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Prejudice: For or Against?
Although prejudice, with its connotations of intolerance,
implies a negative bias, the word can be used inpositive constructions:
I, too, appreciate projects that treat a difficult subject with rigor, although I'll confess to harboring a bit of prejudice toward thing-biographies. Adam Baer, Harper's, May 2011
That's true for the participial adjective prejudiced as well:
“The question itself as posed in the survey obviously is prejudiced in favor of the program,” said Tod Story, executive director of the American Civil Liberties Union of Nevada. Neal Morton, Las Vegas Review Journal, 2 Aug. 2016
In negative constructions, prejudice and prejudiced often precede against:
Lee County Circuit Judge Jacob Walker on Tuesday ruled that claims of juror misconduct by former House Speaker Mike Hubbard failed to show that the jury was prejudiced against Hubbard. Mike Cason, AL.com, 19 Oct. 2016
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
'Prejudice'
In this week’s installment of
‘perhaps you should have talked with my friend, the dictionary,
before posting that’ we have the word prejudice,
which attracted considerable attentionafter the news site Quartz
used it in a manner that many felt was injudicious.
There are, it must be said, a number of possible meanings of prejudice.
Of these, it must also be said, none would make this particular wording sound good.
Among the earliest sense of the word, which dates from the 13th century,
is “injury or damage resulting fromsome judgment or action of another in disregard of one's rights.”
Among the meanings more commonly encountered today are
“preconceived judgment or opinion,” “an adverse opinion
or leaning formed without just grounds orbefore sufficient knowledge,”
and “an irrational attitude of hostility directed against an individual, a group, a race, or their supposed characteristics.”
Common Errors In English Usage Dictionary
prejudice
People not only misspell “prejudice” in a number of ways,
they sometimes say “he’s prejudice” when they mean“he’s prejudiced.”
Picturesque Expressions: A Thematic Dictionary, 1st Edition.
Prejudice (used in Idiomatic terms)
(See also PREFERENCE, RACISM.)
a jaundiced eye, means:
A prejudiced perspective or point of view;
a skeptical, critical attitude;
distorted vision that perceives everything as faulty, inferior, or undesirable.
The disease of jaundice gives a yellowish cast to the whites of the eyes.
This phrase is based on the assumption that everything appears “yellow”
—i.e., negative, distorted—to such eyes.
All seems infected that the infected spy,
As all looks yellow to the jaundiced eye.
(Alexander Pope, An Essay on Criticism, 1709)
look through blue glasses, means:
To see things in a preconceived, usually distorted light;
to be biased, to be unable to see things for what they are.
This expression plays on the negative connotations often carried by the color “blue.”
The image of spectacles gives tangible form to the nonmaterial prejudice which colors one’s perceptions.
nothing like leather, means:
An expression mocking one who has a chauvinistic attitudetoward his own craft or field. Attributed to an Aesop fable,
nothing like leather was popularized by the following anonymous verse which explains its origin.
A town feared a siege, and held consultation
Which was the best method of fortification;
A grave, skilful mason said in his opinion
Nothing but stone could secure the dominion.
A carpenter said, “Though that was well spoke,
It was better by far to defend it with oak.”
A currier, wiser than both these together,
Said, “Try what you please, there’s nothing like leather.”
