2020-11-29
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด P – plead innocent & innocent
แนะนำการใช้ ตามที่ส่วนใหญ่ใช้ แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจผันแปร ตาม ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง plead = ‘PLEED’
ออกเสียง Innocent = ‘IN-uh-suhnt’
Dictionary.com
VOCAB BUILDER
What does plead mean?
Plead means to beg or passionately try to
persuade someone to do something.
It’s similar to the word beg,
which often means to request again and again.
Plead can mean the same thing,
but it’s especially used to imply that the request is passionate
and that the person doing the pleading is desperate.
It’s especially used in serious situations.
A person might plead with their friend to get help with an addiction.
You might plead with your teacher for more time to complete a project.
Plead is used in a more specific way in a legal context,
in which it means to declare one’s status inresponse to charges,
especially to plead guilty or not guilty,
as in How does the defendant plead?
and My client pleads not guilty.
It can also mean to argue something in court.
The expression plead one’s case uses this sense of the word.
Less commonly,
plead can mean to offer as an excuse for ordefense of one’s actions.
When used this way,
it’s typically followed by the specific excuse,
as in, Don’t plead ignorance—you knew what you were doing.
Plead has two past tense forms:
pleaded and pled.
The noun form of plead is plea.
Example:
When I was a kid, I was afraid of the dentist and used to plead with my mom not to make me go.
Where does plead come from?
The first records of plead come from the 1200s.
It ultimately comes from the Latin placēre, meaning “to please.”
The noun plea, which is also used in law,
shares this origin, as does the word please.
Plead is commonly used in law
but is generally used in the context of passionate appeals
or arguments outside of courtrooms.
Pleading is often done by people who have run out of options.
The word often implies desperation or intense need.
Someone who is pleading for mercy has no options
other than to ask to be spared harm or punishment.
Dictionary.com
SYNONYM STUDY FOR INNOCENT
Innocent, blameless, guiltless
imply freedom from the responsibility of having done wrong.
Innocent may imply having done nowrong at any time,
and having not even a knowledge of evil:
an innocent victim.
Blameless denotes freedom fromblame,
especially moral blame:
a blameless life.
Guiltless denotes freedom fromguilt or responsibility
for wrongdoing, usually in a particular instance:
guiltless of a crime.
American Heritage Dictionary
Plead
USAGE NOTE:
In strict legal usage,
one is said to plead guilty or plead not guilty
but not to plead innocent.
In nonlegal contexts,
however, plead innocent is well established.
Common Errors In English Usage Dictionary
plead innocent & innocent
Lawyers frown on the phrase “plead innocent”
(it’s “plead guilty” or "plead not guilty”);
but outside of legal contexts the phrase isstandard English.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Pleaded vs. Pled
Plead belongs to the same class of verbs
as bleed, lead, and feed,
and like them it has a past and past participle
with a short vowel spelled pled
(or sometimes plead, which ispronounced alike).
From the beginning,
pled has faced competition fromthe regular form pleaded,
which eventually came to predominate inmainstream British English.
Pled was and is used in ScottishEnglish,
which is likely how it came to American English.
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries,
pled was attacked by many American usage commentators
(perhaps because it was not in good British use).
Though still sometimes criticized,
it is fully respectable today
and both pled (or plead) and pleaded are in good use in the U.S.
In legal use (such as “pleaded guilty,” “pled guilty”),
both forms are standard,
though pleaded is used withgreater frequency.
In nonlegal use (such as “pleaded for help”),
pleaded appears more commonly,
though pled is alsoconsidered standard.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
'Pled' vs. 'Pleaded'
The announcement by the Department of Justice
that they were planning on dropping charges against
former national security adviser Michael Flynn
once more brought about interest in a matter of national importance:
is it pled or pleaded?
Flynn pleaded guilty to lying to FBI agents in December 2017 and agreed to cooperate. — Chris Strohm, Bloomberg Wire Service, 7 May 2020
“Flynn pled guilty to lying to the FBI about his illicit Russian contacts,” said House Intelligence Committee Chairman Adam Schiff (D-Calif.). — Morgan Chalfant, The Hill (thehill.com), 7 May 2020
Plead (“to make a plea of a specified nature”)
has a past and a past participle with a short vowel (pled).
However, the word pleaded has also long been
in use for the same functions, especially inBritish English.
While some usage guides of yore have cautioned against using pled,
both forms are now entirely standard, in bothlegal and non-legal use
