2020-11-24
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด P – Passed & past & pass
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Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง Passed & past = ‘PAHST’
ออกเสียง pass = ‘PAHS’
Abused, Confused, & Misused Words by Mary Embree
Passed =
gone beyond; happened: and so it passed;
moved on; died: The old man has passed on.
Not to be confused with:
past – no longer current: the account is past due;
formerly: a past president
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language
pass′er n.
Usage Note:
The past tense and past participle of pass is passed:
They passed (or have passed) our home. Time had passed slowly.
Past is the corresponding
adjective (in centuries past),
adverb (drove past), preposition (past midnight),
and noun (lived in the past).
Collins COBUILD English Usage
pass
The verb pass is used with several different meanings.
1. movement
If you pass someone or something, you go past them.
We passed the New Hotel.
They stood aside to let him pass.
If you pass something to someone or pass someone something,
you take it in your hand and give it to them.
She passed me her glass.
I passed the picture to Lia so she could see it.
2. time
If you pass time in a particular way,
you spend it doing something.
They passed the time until dinner talking and playing cards.
See spend - pass
3. tests and exams
If you pass a test or exam,
you are successful in it.
I passed my driving test on my first attempt.
If you pass, you can go to college.
Be Careful!
Don't use 'pass' to say that someone has completed a test or exam, without mentioning the result.
Say that they have taken it.
I'm taking my driving test next week.
Where did she take her degree?
Collins COBUILD English Usage
Spend – pass
1. 'spend'
If someone does something from the beginning to the end of a period of time,
you say that they spend the period of time doing it.
We spent the evening talking about art.
I was planning to spend all day writing.
Be Careful!
Don't say that someone spends a period of time 'in doing', 'on doing', or 'to do' something.
Don't say, for example, 'We spent the evening in talking about art'.
If someone is in a place from the beginning tothe end of a period of time, you can say that they spend the time there.
He spent most of his time in the library.
We found a hotel where we could spend the night.
You can say that someone spends a period of time in another person's company.
I spent an evening with David.
2. 'pass'
You don't usually say that you 'pass time' doing something.
Don't say, for example, 'We passed the evening talking about art'.
However, if you do something to occupy yourself while you are waiting for something,
you say that you do it to pass the time.
He had brought a book along to pass the time.
To pass the time they played games.
3. 'have'
If you enjoy yourself while you are doing something,
don't say that you 'pass' or 'spend' a good time.
Say that you have a good time.
The kids are having a good time on the beach.
We had a wonderful time visiting our friends.
Collins COBUILD English Usage
Usage:
The past participle of pass issometimes wrongly spelt past:
the time for recriminations has passed (not past)
Collins COBUILD English Usage
Past can be a noun or adjective
referring to a period of time before the present.
He never discussed his past.
I've spent most of the past eight years looking after children.
1. telling the time
In British English,
when you are telling the time,
you use past to say how many minutes it isafter a particular hour.
It's ten past five.
I slept until quarter past ten.
American speakers also say after.
It's ten after five.
I arrived around a quarter after twelve.
2. going near something
Past is also used as a preposition or adverb
to say that someone goes near something
when they are moving in a particular direction.
He walked past the school.
People ran past laughing.
3. 'passed'
Don't use 'past' as the past tense or -ed participle of the verb pass. Use passed.
As she passed the library door, the telephone began to ring.
A new law was passed by Parliament.
Merriam-Webster Dictionaryv
Usage Notes
Keeping Up with 'Passed' and 'Past'
What's passed is in the past, but this article will be helpful today
What to Know
Passed is only used as a form of the verb "pass,"
whereas past functions as
a noun (the past),
adjective (past times),
preposition (just past), and
adverb (running past).
"Past" will always have the same formregardless of the sentence construction or tense ("I went past" vs "I will go past"),
while "passed" will be interchanged withother tenses of "pass,"
such as "passing" and "passes."
Past isa very busy word.
It's an adjective in "thinking of past times";
a noun in "the distant past";
a preposition in "just past the post office"; and
an adverb in "walking past."
Passed is also busy,
but its role is much more limited:
it's only ever a form of the verb pass,
as in "We passed the library on our way here" and
"The law hasn't been passed yet."
Since 'passed' is just a version of the verb 'pass,'
it can take the forms 'pass,' 'passes,' or 'passing' as well.
The words sound identical, though,
and they occupy some of the same semantic territory,
which can make it really hard to keep them straight.
If you pass a park on a drive through town
and want to talk about it later
you can say either of the following:
I drove past the park.
I passed the park on my drive.
The way to keep them straight
is to remember that past only ever has that form,
but passed is really just a version of the verb pass,
so it can take the forms pass, passes, or passing as well.
To see which word is the one you want,
put the same sentences in the future tense and see what happens:
I will drive past the park.
I will pass the park on my drive.
Past remains unchanged, but passed changesto will pass.
Here's another example:
We went past the entrance.
We passed the entrance.
In the future tense we get:
We will go past the entrance.
We will pass the entrance.
Both words appear in idioms as well.
The phrase for when someone has lost consciousness
or fallen asleep is passed out:
The kids were both passed out in front of the TV.
It's the past tense of the verbal phrase pass out,
which we can see clearly in the future tense:
The kids will both pass out in front of the TV.
If this pair has given you trouble in the past,
we recommend you give this article a passing glance from time to time.
In summary: To keep past and passed straight,
remember that past always hasthe same form,
while passed is one of the forms of the verb pass.
By putting a sentence in the future tense
you can see which you want.
Change "I drive past your house" to"I will drive past your house,"
and you find that past remainsthe same.
Change "I passed your house" to"I will pass your house,"
and you find that passed becomes will pass.
Common Errors In English Usage Dictionary
Passed & past & pass
If you are referring to time ordistance,
use “past”:
“the team performed well in the past,”
“the police car drove past the suspect’s house.”
If you are referring to the action of passing,
however, you need to use “passed“:
“when John passed the gravy, he spilled it on his lap,”
“the teacher was astonished that none of the students had passed the test.”
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expression
Passed & past & pass
Passed is the past tense of the verb pass;
past is the past participle:
“The car passed us at 60 miles an hour.”
“Your troubles are now past,”
Pass is not only a verb; it is alsonoun.
It appears in hackneyed phrases thatare idiomatically sound
but informal or slangy:
“make a pass at” (“make a sextually inviting”)
