2020-11-23
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด P – Parallel
การใช้ภาษาอังกฤษ ที่ถือว่า ถูกต้องนี้ เป็นไปตามมาตรฐานการใช้ภาษา
การใช้คำอังกฤษ ไม่กำหนดมาตฐาน ถือตามส่วนใหญ่ที่ใช้แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจผันแปร ขึ้นอยู่กับ ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง Parallel = ‘PAR-uh-luhl’
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Choose the Right Synonym for parallel
Adjective
mean closely resembling each other.
SIMILAR implies the possibility of being mistaken for each other.
all the houses in the development are similar
ANALOGOUS applies to things belonging in essentially different categories butnevertheless having many similarities.
analogous political systems
PARALLEL suggests a marked likeness in the development of two things. the parallel careers of two movie stars
Common Errors In English Usage Dictionary
Parallel & symbol
Beginning literature
students often write sentences like this:
“He uses the rose as a parallel for her beauty”
when they mean “a symbol for her beauty.”
If you are taking a literature class,
it’s good to master the distinctions
between several related terms relating to symbolism.
An eagle clutching a bundle of arrows and an olive branch
is a symbol of the U.S. government in war and peace.
Students often misuse the word “analogy” in the same way.
An analogy has to be specifically spelled outby the writer,
not simply referred to:
“My mother’s attempts to find her keys in the morning were like early expeditions to the South Pole: prolonged and mostly futile.”
A metaphor is a kind of symbolism common in literature.
When Shakespeare writes
“That time of year thou mayst in me behold/When yellow leaves, or none, or few, do hang/Upon those boughs which shake against the cold”
he is comparing his aging self to a tree in late autumn, perhaps even specifically suggesting that he is going bald by referring to the tree shedding its leaves.
This autumnal tree is a metaphor for the human aging process.
A simile resembles a metaphor
except that “like” or “as” or something similar
is used to make the comparison explicitly.
Byron admires a dark-haired woman by saying of her,
“She walks in beauty, like the night/Of cloudless climes and starry skies.” Her darkness is said to be like that of the night.
An allegory is a symbolic narrative in which characters may stand for abstract ideas, and the story conveys a philosophy.
Allegories are no longer popular, but the most commonly read one in school is Dante’s Divine Comedy in which the poet Virgil is a symbol for human wisdom, Dante’s beloved Beatrice is a symbol of divine grace, and the whole poem tries to teach the reader how toavoid damnation.
Aslan in C. S. Lewis’ Narnia tales is an allegorical figure meant to symbolize Christ: dying to save others and risingagain (aslan is Turkish for “lion”).
Common Errors In English Usage Dictionary
Parralleled & Paralleled
In British English two pairs of parallel
“L’s” are a handy spelling reminder,
but in American English
the spelling of the past tense of “parallel” is“paralleled.”
The same pattern holds for British “parallelling
and American “paralleling
Common Errors In English Usage Dictionary
Parallelism in a SERIES
Phrases in a series separated by commas orconjunctions
must all have the same grammatical form.
“They loved mountain-climbing, to gather wild mushrooms, and first aid practice”
should be corrected to something like this:
“They loved to climb mountains, gather wild mushrooms, and practice first aid”
(all three verbs are dependent on that initial “to").
Fear of being repetitious often leads writers
into awkward inconsistencies when creating such series.
