2020-11-20
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด O – Oral & verbal & aural
การใช้ภาษาอังกฤษ ที่ถือว่า ถูกต้องนี้ เป็นไปตามมาตรฐานการใช้ภาษา
การใช้คำอังกฤษ ไม่กำหนดมาตฐาน ถือตามส่วนใหญ่ที่ใช้แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจผันแปร ขึ้นอยู่กับ ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง Oral & aural = ‘AWR-uhl’
ออกเสียง verbal = ‘VUR-buhl’
Dictionary.com
USAGE NOTE FOR VERBAL
Verbal has had the meaning “spoken” since the late 16th century and is thus synonymous with oral:
He wrote a memorandum to confirm the verbal agreement.
Slightly earlier, verbal had developed the meaning “expressed in words, whether spoken or written (as opposed to actions)”:
Verbal support is no help without money and supplies.
Although some say that the use of verbal to mean “spoken” produces ambiguity, it rarely does so.
Verbal is used in this sense in all varieties of speech and writing and is fully standard.
The context usually makes the meaning clear:
No documents are necessary; a verbal agreement (or contract or order ) will suffice.
Oral can be used instead of verbal ifthe context demands:
My lawyer insists on a written contract because oral agreements are too difficult to enforce.
Collins COBUILD English Usage
Aural – oral
1. 'aural'
Aural means 'relating to your ears and your sense of hearing'.
Aural is pronounced /'ɔːrəl/ or /'aʊrəl/.
I have used written and aural material.
2. 'oral'
Oral means 'relating to your mouth'.
It also describes things that involve speaking rather than writing.
Oral is pronounced /'ɔːrəl/.
...an oral test in German.
Both aural and oral are fairly formal words.
They are used mainly to talk about teaching methods and examinations.
Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary,
ver′bal•ly, adv.
usage.:
verbal has had the meaning “spoken” since the late 16th century and is thus synonymous with oral:
I wrote a memorandum to confirm the verbal agreement.
This use is sometimes criticized for being etymologically incorrect or ambiguous, though the context usu. makes the meaning clear:
No documents are necessary; a verbal order will suffice.
oral can always be used if the context demands:
My lawyer insists on a written contract because oral agreements are too difficult to enforce.
Common Errors In English Usage Dictionary
Oral & verbal
Some people insist that
“verbal” refers to anything expressed inwords,
whether written or spoken,
while “oral” refers exclusively to speech;
but in common usage “verbal” has become widely accepted for the latter meaning.
However, in legal contexts,
an unwritten agreement is still an “oral contract,” not a “verbal contract.”
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expression
Oral & verbal & aural
Oral means “spoken rather than written”
and “of or pertaining to the mouth.”
Verbal means “associated with words.”
Verbal can and does refer to what iswritten; oral does not.
Be careful in using oral and verbal with words like agreement, promise, and understanding.
If the agreement (promise, understanding) is notin writing,
oral makes that sense clear.
That is, verbal is less precise than oral
in conveying the idea of “by mouth.”
When you can choose between a word that means two things (verbal)
and one that can mean only one (oral), try to be precise.
Why noy use oraland written for clear contrast?
Aural, a rarely used word, applies only tothe ear and the sense of hearing:
“His aural sense is defective because of a damaged eardrum.”
