2020-11-20
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด O – Optimistic & sanguine
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Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง Optimistic = ‘op-tuh-MIS-tik’
ออกเสียง sanguine = ‘SANG-gwin’
Dictionary.com
“Optimistic” And “Pessimistic”: Are These Antonyms?
Whenever Maya had bad news,
she always told her mom before her dad
out of fear of how he would take it.
While her mom was able to make her feel better about a situation,
her dad jumped to the worst case scenario and
viewed any challenge with a negative perspective.
Does this make Maya’s mom an optimistic person
and her dad a pessimistic one?
Is his gloomy personality the complete opposite
of his wife’s hopeful outlook?
Let’s take a closer look to see what these two words mean
and whether or not they’re actually antonyms.
What does optimistic mean?
Optimistic is an adjective that’sdefined
as “disposed to take a favorable view of events or conditions
and to expect the most favorable outcome.”
It can also refer to someone or something
that “reflects a favorable view of events and conditions
and the expectation of a positive outcome; demonstrating optimism.”
Optimistic can refer to a person who is
hopeful about how something will turn out
or describes something that has a positive or confident future outcome.
For example:
- One of the things Clara’s friends love the most about her is that she’s endlessly optimistic and always able to find the positive in even the worst situations.
- After months of layoffs and staggering unemployment rates, there’s finally an optimistic economic forecast.
- Although the players spent most of the first half of the game losing, their coach is optimistic that they can still turn it around if they focus.
Optimistic was first recorded around 1840–50 and is based on optimist, which stems from the French optimiste. Synonyms for optimistic include assured, cheerful, confident, encouraged, happy, hopeful, idealistic, keeping the faith, positive, and promising. Antonyms for optimistic include dejected, depressed, doubtful, gloomy, hopeless, pessimistic, and sorrowful.
What does pessimistic mean?
Pessimistic is an adjective that is
defined as “pertaining to or characterized by pessimism
or the tendency to expect only bad outcomes; gloomy; joyless; unhopeful.”
For example:
- He has such a pessimistic outlook that each time he goes to a doctor’s appointment he is terrified over what they might find.
- Although she was incredibly talented, her pessimistic mom feared she’d never have a successful singing career.
- After one failed driving test, the pessimistic teen was positive he would never get his driver’s license.
Pessimistic was first recorded around 1865–70, and it stems from pessimist, which is ultimately derived from pessimus, the Latin superlative of malus (“bad”).
include bleak, depressed, despairing, discouraged, gloomy, hopeless, and sad.
Antonyms for essimistic
include bright, cheerful, encouraged, happy, joyful, sunny, confident, optimistic, and trusting.
How to use each
Optimistic and pessimistic are antonyms,
and when it comes to people, it’s easy to see why.
These two adjectives are the complete opposite.
For personality types,
they describe
either a person who lives life filled with complete despair and hopelessness
or an upbeat and positive individual who can always see the bright side in any situation.
For example:
- Although he tried not to be discouraging after her cancer diagnosis, Daniel’s pessimistic personality prevented him from being a supportive friend.
- Despite watching her mom die of breast cancer, Joy remained optimistic and refused to let her own diagnosis terrify her.
Or:
- After their nasty breakup, Amanda was completely pessimistic that she would ever find love again.
- Tony was heartbroken after Amanda left but remained optimistic that the right person for him was still out there.
Other examples include:
- During the coronavirus outbreak pessimistic shoppers stockpiled toilet paper and bottled water as they feared the worst.
- It was optimistic to think she could save enough money for a car in six months, but she worked hard trying to achieve this goal nevertheless.
- Some environmentalists have a pessimistic view of the world’s ability to mitigate global warming and fear what will happen if leaders don’t make drastic changes.
- Despite the difficulties, many teachers are trying to remain optimistic while teaching remotely for the sake of their equally stressed students.
We’re optimistic that you will master the difference in now time.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Did You Know?
Adjective
Sanguine has quite a few relatives in English.
Sangfroid ("self-possession especially under strain") and sanguineous ("bloodthirsty") are consanguineous with sanguine.
(Consanguineous, means "descended from the same ancestor.")
The tie that binds these words is sanguis, the Latin word for blood. Exsanguination ("the draining or losing of blood"), sanguinary ("murderous" or "bloody"),
and the rare sangsue ("leech") and sanguinolent ("tinged with blood") are also sanguis relatives.
That's something you can raise a glass of sangaree or sangria ("a usually iced punch made of red wine, fruit juice, and soda water") to!
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Words at Play
How a Word For "Blood" Came to Mean "Optimistic"
The Odd History of "Sanguine"
If you're an optimist, you may be called sanguine,
a word that means "confident" or "optimistic."
Don't shy away from the label just because it comes from the Latin word sanguis, which means "blood."
But just how did blood beget optimism?
During the Middle Ages, health and temperament were believed to be governed by the balance of different liquids, or humors, in one's body.
If any of those four humors – phlegm, black bile (also called melancholy), yellow bile (or choler), and blood – predominated,
then your disposition and health were said to be ruled by that humor.
People who were calm, slow, undemonstrative, and unexcitable were thought to have an abundance of phlegm – they were governed by that humor and were therefore phlegmatic.
Those who were bilious had abad disposition because of the large amount of yellow or black bile intheir system.
But those lucky people who were governed by blood werestrong, confident, and ruddy (all that blood, you know) – in a word, sanguine.
In time, the physiological theory behind the humors dissipated,
but the word sanguine is stillcommonly used to describe
those who are cheerfully confident – a label we’ll gladly accept, no matter where it comes from.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Sanguine adjective:
having blood as the predominating bodily humor;
also: having the bodily conformation and temperament held characteristic of such predominance and marked bysturdiness, healthy red complexion, and cheerfulness
When sanguine first entered the English language back in the 14th century it was with a meaning of "bloodred," but it quickly developed its humorless humor meaning.
A sanguine person was thought to have lots of the blood body humor
and was therefore especially sturdy, cheerful, and ruddy-cheeked.
Lest the sanguine types start feeling too good about themselves,
the "blood" origins of the word sanguine (its ultimate origin, via Anglo-French, is Latin sanguin-, sanguis, meaning "blood") have also given the word some less-flattering meanings like "bloodthirsty" (as in "sanguine warriors") and "bloody" ("sanguine battles").
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expression
Optimistic & sanguine
Optimistic an adjective, means
“inclined or disposed to take a favorable view of life.”
Sanguine has the somewhat related meaning of
“cheerful,” “confident,” “hopeful”: “He is a lively, sanguineperson.”
(Sanguine, derived from a Latin term meaning “bloody,”
has acquired its present meaning because,
in medieval physiology, ruddy-faced people
were considered healthy, animated, spirited, and buoyant.)
Sanguine is a more precise word than optimistic, which is overused.
In a sentence
such as “Tom is not optimistic about his chance for leaving early,”
either sanguine or hopeful might replace optimistic.
