2020-11-11
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด N – nauseous & nauseated
การใช้ภาษาอังกฤษ ที่ถือว่า ถูกต้องนี้ เป็นไปตามมาตรฐานการใช้ภาษา
การใช้คำอังกฤษ ไม่กำหนดมาตฐาน ถือตามส่วนใหญ่ที่ใช้แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจยืดหยุ่น ขึ้นอยู่กับ ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง nauseous = ‘NAW-shuhs’ or ‘NAW-zee-uhs’
ออกเสียง nauseated = ‘NAW-zee-yet’
Farlex Trivia Dictionary.
nauseated - Nauseous ("sickening")
is an adjective describing something that causes nausea;
the adjective for the feeling ("made sick") is nauseated.
See also related terms for sick.
Dictionary.com
WORDS OFTEN CONFUSED WITH NAUSEOUS
The two literal senses of nauseous,
“affected with nausea” ( to feel nauseous ) and
“causing nausea” ( a nauseous smell ),
appear in English at almost the same time in the early 17th century, and both senses are in standard use at the present time.
Nauseous is more commonthan nauseated
in the sense “affected with nausea,”
despite recent objections by those who imagine the sense to be new.
In the sense “causing nausea,” eitherliterally or figuratively,
nauseating has become more common than nauseous : a nauseating smell.
Dictionary.com
VOCAB BUILDER
What does nauseous mean?
To be nauseous is to have nausea
—to feel sick in your stomach, as if you might vomit.
The word nauseated means the same thing.
Nauseous can also mean the same thing as nauseating—causing nausea. However, nauseous is much less commonly usedthis way (despite the fact that some people insist that it’s the “proper” use of the word).
The word nausea can also be used in a figurative way meaning a feeling of disgust, revulsion, or repulsion, and nauseous can be used to describe things that make people feel this way, meaning about the same thing as disgusting or loathsome.
However, the word nauseating is more commonly used in a figurative context, as in Your linguistic pedantry is nauseating.
Example: If you feel nauseous, try lying down and breathing through your nose.
To be nauseated is to have nausea—to feel sick in your stomach, as if you might vomit. The word nauseous is more commonly used to mean the same thing.
Nauseated is commonly used as an adjective, but it can also be the past tense of the verb nauseate, meaning to cause to feel nausea.
The adjective nauseating means causing nausea
(nauseous can also be used to mean this, but that’s much less common).
The word nausea can also be used in a figurative way meaning a feeling of disgust, revulsion, or repulsion,
and nauseated can be used to describe people who feel this way, meaning about the same thing as disgusted, as in I feel nauseated by their cruelty.
Example: I’m not sure what has made me more nauseated—the disgusting food or the server’s disgusting comments.
Where does nauseous come from?
The first records of the word nauseous come from around 1600.
It is thought to derive from the Greek nausíā, meaning “seasickness,” from naûs, meaning “ship” (the same root is the basis of the word nautical). The suffix -ous means“full of” and is used to form adjectives.
People can become nauseous from seasickness
and many other conditions that affect the stomach,
such as motion sickness, morning sickness, carsickness,
anxiety, or from the side effects of medications.
People often feel nauseous due to something they ate.
When you’re nauseous, the very thought of eating can make you even more nauseous.
In all of these cases, the word nauseous is probably more commonly used, whereas nauseated is more commonly used to describe someone who feels disgust toward someone or something.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Frequently Asked Questions About nauseous
Is one nauseous or nauseated?
Some usage guides have held that there should be a strict distinction between nauseous and nauseated, with
the first word meaning "causing nausea or disgust"
and the second one meaning "affected with nausea." However, nauseous has been in widespread enough use for both of these senses that this distinction is now quite blurred.
Nauseous may mean either "causing nausea" or "affected with nausea"; nauseated,
on the other hand, is restricted in meaning to "affected with nausea; feeling disgust."
What is the verb for nauseous?
The verb form of nauseous is nauseate,
meaning "to affect with nausea or disgust." It comes from the Latin word meaning "seasickness, nausea," which itself may be traced back to the Greek word for "sailor" (nautēs).
"Is nausea a noun?"
Nausea is a noun, meaning "a stomach distress with distaste for food and an urge to vomit" or"extreme disgust."
A number of other nouns are closely related in meaning, including
nauseant ("something that causes nausea"),
nauseousness ("an instance of nausea"), and
nauseatingness ("the quality or state of being nauseating").
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Frequently Asked Questions About nauseate
Is one nauseous or nauseated?
Some usage guides have held that there should be a strict distinction between nauseous and nauseated,
with the first word meaning "causing nausea or disgust" and
the second one meaning "affected with nausea."
However, nauseous has been in widespread enough use for both of these senses that this distinction is now quite blurred.
Nauseous may mean either "causing nausea" or "affected with nausea";
nauseated, on the other hand, is restricted in meaning to "affected with nausea; feeling disgust."
What is the verb for nauseous?
The verb form of nauseous is nauseate, meaning "to affect with nausea or disgust." It comes from the Latin word meaning "seasickness, nausea," which itself may be traced back to the Greek word for "sailor" (nautēs).
"Is nausea a noun?"
Nausea is a noun, meaning "a stomach distress with distaste for food and an urge to vomit" or "extreme disgust."
A number of other nouns are closely related in meaning, including nauseant ("something that causes nausea"),
nauseousness ("an instance of nausea"), and
nauseatingness ("the quality or state of being nauseating").
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Usage Notes
Can You Feel 'Nauseous'?
And what does 'Satan's Tennis-Ball' have to do with it?
What to Know
Using nauseous to mean nauseated as in, "I feel nauseous,"
is acceptable and has been established since the 19th century.
However, some still argue that
"nauseous" should only mean "causing nausea."
When "nauseous" is used to mean "nauseated"
it functions as a predicate adjective,
following verbs like "feel" and "become."
Oftentimes when people come to the dictionary in search of an answer there is both a long and a short way of answering the question. In many such cases we'll give the short answer first, and then the longer answer (which has much explanatory material, and is designed to mollify those who received an answer they didn't want) following.
Here's an example:
Q. May I use nauseous to mean "nauseated" or must it always and forever be used to mean "nauseating"?
A. You may use nauseous to mean "nauseated."
Original Meaning of Nauseous
Now we may move on to the mollification portion of this article.
Many people have a strong belief that the proper use of nauseous is the one which may be defined as "causing nausea or disgust," and that if you wish to say that a person feels as though their stomach will disgorge its contents then nauseated is the word to use ('I feel nauseated, rather than
'I feel nauseous'). We do not disagree that this is a fine and specific manner in which to use nauseous, and if this is the way in which you learned how to use the word you may continue to do so.
However, we must point out that nauseous,
like many other words in our language,
is remarkable in its elasticity and range of meaning,
and its applicability in the context of "I'm gonna hurl"
is neither incorrect nor relegated to the unlearned.
The first recorded mention we have of nauseous comes, helpfully enough, from a dictionary. The 1609 edition of Robert Cawdrey's A Table Alphabeticall includes it as a headword, with a definition that differs somewhat from the one that is often proscribed today (Cawdrey defines it as "loathing or disposed to vomit"). The "causing nausea" sense appears first in our records in a 1618 work by John Vicars.
Which, though some Wretches Atheisticall,
Some Nauseous Neuter, Satan's Tennis-Ball,
Some execrable Sadduces (I say)
Which doe the Resurrection denay,
Though some vile Sectists Pythagoricall,
Or Infidells most Diabolicall.
— John Vicars, A Prospective Glasse to Looke into Heavan, 1618
Putting aside for now the fact that any book from the 17th century which contains the phrase "Satan's tennis-ball" deserves more attention, the sense in which Vicars used nauseous (to mean "nauseating") was the dominant one for the next several hundred years, and the one defined by Cawdrey is found but occasionally. In the middle of the 19th century the sense of nauseous meaning "nauseated" begins to appear.
At the end of another hour it was evident that the lobelia had begun to make her feel nauseous, and again she was tried, but would not move any more than before.
— National Aegis (Worcester, MA), 4 Mar. 1857
In about half an hour Mr. Schemernon's body was swollen terribly; his leg measuring about two feet around. He also felt nauseous about the stomach, and commences to vomit violently.
— Newbern Journal of Commerce (New Bern, NC), 31 Jul. 1867
New Meaning of Nauseous
In the 20th century the "nauseated" sense of nauseous became increasingly common and, as is so often the case when a word takes on new meanings, objections to this new use became common as well.
One of the common reasons for why we should notuse nauseous in both the "nauseated" and the "nauseating" contexts is that to do so would lead to ambiguity.
But the disparate uses of nauseous are hardly ambiguous.
When employed to mean "nauseated" nauseous typically is used as a predicate adjective, and following a copulative verb
such as be, feel, or become ('the boat ride on the water made me feel nauseous').
The "nauseating" sense of nauseous, on the other hand, tends to be found as an attributive adjective, coming before the noun it modifies ('the nauseous trip made me wish I'd not gotten on the boat').
The "nauseated" sense of nauseous is now in widespread use, found in well-edited newspapers, books by highly-regarded authors, medical journals, and your children's social media feeds. You do not have to use the word in this way, but you also do not have to argue about it. We could all spend our time on something more useful, such as finding a new use for Satan's tennis-ball.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Trend Watch
James Comey: 'Mildly Nauseous'
Yes, the word can be used as a synonym for 'nauseated'
3 May 2017
Nauseous (“affected with nausea or disgust”) rose,
much like the gorge of a nauseated child who has feasted overmuch on taffy and been forced to endure a long car ride, after FBI director James Comey used the word in a Senate hearing on May 3rd, 2017.
FBI director James Comey said he's "mildly nauseous" about the possibility that his announcement about reopening an investigation into Hillary Clinton's emails influenced the outcome of the election.
—Tessa Berenson, Time (time.com), 3 May 2017
Many people have strong feelings on the subject of nauseous, and its sibling, nauseated.
Here is what the usage note in our Unabridged Dictionary has to say on the matter:
Those who insist that nauseous can properly be used only to mean “causing nausea”—that is, as a synonym for nauseating—are mistaken.
The word can be, and in fact usually is, used to mean “affected with nausea”—that is, as a synonym for nauseated. Current evidence shows these facts: nauseous is most frequently used to mean physically affected with nausea, often after a linking verb such as feel or become; figurative use is quite a bit less frequent.
<There was a leftover half sandwich in the passenger seat and the smell made me nauseous. — Michael Finkel, Esquire, 1 Jan. 2010>
< … a hundred per cent of the subjects reported that they no longer felt nauseous—even though every one of the anti-nausea drugs was a placebo. — Louis Menand, New Yorker, 1 Mar. 2010>
Use of nauseous to mean “causing nausea” is much more often figurative than literal <Nobody does anything as nauseous as try to make everybody all pray together or pray aloud or anything … — David Foster Wallace, Rolling Stone, 25 Oct. 2001>,
and this use appears to be losing ground to nauseating. <It has sent a nauseating ripple through the financial markets … — National Review, 21 Dec. 2009>
< … reason to wonder if the current traffickers' obsession with nauseating forms of murder did not start back then. — Alma Guillermoprieto, New York Review of Books, 28 Oct. 2010> Nauseated, while not rare, is less common than nauseous in the sense “affected with nausea.” Like nauseous, it is more often literal than figurative.
<He lost his appetite and his energy and found himself nauseated throughout the day, and he could not walk a city block without feeling weak and woozy. — Phillip Roth, Everyman, 2006>
Nauseous may be found in print from the beginning of the 17th century. Our earliest citation comes from a 1609 edition of Robert Cawdrey’s A Table Alphabeticall: “Nauseous, loathing or disposed to vomit.”
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language,
nau′seous·ly adv.
nau′seous·ness n.
Usage Note:
Traditional usage lore has insisted that
nauseous should be used only to mean "causing nausea"
and that it is incorrect to use it to mean "feeling sick to one's stomach."
Back in 1965, the Usage Panel was in step with this thinking, with 88 percent rejecting the "feeling sick" meaning of nauseous in the sentence Roller coasters make me nauseous, preferring nauseated instead.
Over the years, however, this attitude has shifted dramatically. The proportion of Panelists who disapproved of this same sentence dropped to 72 percent in 1988, 39 percent in 1999, and a slim 23 percent in 2013. This change may have been inevitable once people began to think that nauseous did not properly mean "causing nausea." Even in our 1988 survey, this was the case, as 88 percent preferred nauseating in the sentence The children looked a little green from too many candy apples and nauseating (not nauseous) rides. In 2013, the Panel was presented with this sentence using the word nauseous, and only 30 percent found it acceptable.
Since there is abundant evidence for the "feeling sick" use of nauseous, the word presents a classic example of a word whose traditional, "correct" usage has largely been supplanted by a newer, "incorrect" one. In other words, what was once considered an error is now standard practice. Nauseous is now far more common than nauseated in describing the sick feeling.
Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary,
nau′seous•ly, adv.
nau′seous•ness, n.
usage:
The two literal senses of nauseous, “affected with nausea” (to feel nauseous)
and “causing nausea” (a nauseous smell), appear in English at almost the same time in the early 17th century, and both are in standard use at present.
nauseous in the sense “affected with nausea” is often criticized, though it is more common than nauseated, the recommended form, in this sense.
In the sense “causing nausea,” either literally or figuratively, nauseating has become more common than nauseous: a nauseating smell; nauseating eating habits.
Common Errors In English Usage Dictionary
nauseous & nauseated
Many people say, when sick to their stomachs,
that they feel “nauseous” (pronounced “NOSH-uss” or “NOZH-uss”)
but traditionalists insist that this word should be used to describe something that makes you want to throw up: something nauseating.
They hear you as saying that you make people want to vomit, and it tempers their sympathy for your plight.
Better to say you are “nauseated,” or simply that you feel like throwing up.
Note that the English use “sick” exclusively for vomiting;
when Americans say they feel sick, the English saythey feel ill.
Americans visiting Great Britain who tell their hosts they feel sick may cause them to worry needlessly about the carpeting.
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expression
nauseous & nauseated
Nauseous (NAW.zee.us) means “causing sickness”;
Nauseated means “feeling sickness,” “being queasy.”
A gas, for instance, is nauseous and cause a person to become nauseated.
(Nauseous is related in meaning to noisome, which means “foul,” “filthy,” or “dangerous,” as in “a noisomeodor.”)
“The audience was nauseated by the play.”
Foul air nauseated the huge crowd.”
“Because the fumes were nauseous, the people become nauseated.”
