2020-09-13
180906 คำชวนสับสน ในการใช้ ชุด E – Effect – affect – result
การใช้ภาษาอังกฤษ ที่ถือว่า ถูกต้อง ในที่นี้ เป็นไป ตามมาตรฐาน ของภาษา
การใช้ภาษาอังกฤษ ไม่กำหนดมาตฐาน ถือตามส่วนใหญ่ที่ใช้แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจยืดหยุ่น ขึ้นอยู่กับ ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง “effect” = “ih-FEKT”
ออกเสียง “affect” = “uh-FEKT”
ออกเสียง “result’ = “ri-ZUHLT”
Dictionary.com
SYNONYM STUDY FOR EFFECT
Effect, consequence(s), result
refer to something produced by an action or a cause.
An effect is that which is produced, usually more or less immediately and directly: The effect of morphine is to produce sleep.
A consequence, something that followsnaturally or logically, as in a train of events or sequence of time, is less intimately connected with its cause than is an effect: Punishment is the consequence of disobedience.
A result may be near or remote, and often is the sum of effects or consequences as making an end or final outcome: The English language is the result of the fusion of many different elements.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Choose the Right Synonym for effect
Verb
PERFORM, EXECUTE, DISCHARGE, ACCOMPLISH, ACHIEVE, EFFECT, FULFILL
mean to carry out or into effect.
PERFORM implies action that follows established patterns or procedures or fulfills agreed-upon requirements and often connotes special skill. performed gymnastics
EXECUTE stresses the carrying out of what exists in plan or in intent. executed the hit-and-run
DISCHARGE implies execution and completion of appointed duties or tasks. discharged his duties
ACCOMPLISH stresses the successful completion of a process rather than the means of carrying it out. accomplished everything they set out to do
ACHIEVE adds to ACCOMPLISH the implication of conquered difficulties. achieve greatness
EFFECT adds to ACHIEVE an emphasis on the inherent force in the agent capable of surmounting obstacles. effected sweeping reforms
FULFILL implies a complete realization of ends or possibilities. fulfilled their ambitions
Effect vs. Affect: Usage Guide
Verb
Effect and affect are often confusedbecause of their similar spelling and pronunciation.
The verb affect entry 2 usually has to do with pretense. she affected a cheery disposition despite feeling down
The more common verb affect entry 1 denotes having an effect or influence. the weather affected everyone's mood
The verb effect goes beyond mere influence; it refers to actual achievement of a final result. the new administration hopes to effect a peace settlement
The uncommon noun affect, which has a meaning relating to psychology, is also sometimes mistakenly used for the very common effect.
In ordinary use, the noun you will want is effect. waiting for the new law to take effect the weather had an effect on everyone's mood
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Usage Notes
'Affect' vs. 'Effect'
What to Know
Affect and Effect can both take the form of a noun or a verb,
but most often you will want to use "affect" as a verb, meaning "to produce a material influence upon or alteration in"
and "effect" as a noun meaning "a change that results when something is done or happens."
Usually, something "affects" something to produce an "effect."
It has often been said that nothing in life is certain but death and taxes,
but to this duo of unpleasantness we may add a third certainty: telling the difference between affect and effect will eat up some considerable portion of your life.
Unless you are one of those rara avises for whom this distinction came immediately and effortlessly, in which case we hope you get extra taxes.
The confusion springs from the fact that these two words look and sound quite similar, each functions as a verb and noun, and they may be employed in semantically ambiguous fashion (for instance, both 'this affect was unpleasant' or 'this effect was unpleasant' may be used correctly).
Well nigh every usage guide published over the past hundred years has contained an explanation for how to distinguishbetween these words, yet the English-speaking people appear to have heroically resistedall attempts at disambiguating them.
We have a mnemonic which we believe may aid in keepingthese words in their proper roles, and it involves the hitherto untested tools of channeling basketball legend Darryl Dawkins and interplanetary funksmanship.
Affect and Effect as Verbs
Affect, when employed as a verb, most commonly carries the meaning of "to produce a material influence upon or alteration in."
Things may very well affect your interplanetary funksmanship, but they are unlikely to effect it.
The use of effect as a verb is not as common as that of affect, and it generally has the meaning of "to cause to come into being" or "accomplish."
Effect as a Noun
Although affect may be more commonas a verb, the use of effect as a noun far outstripsthat of affect.
An effect is "a change that resultswhen something is done or happens," or "a particular feeling or mood created by something."
In effect is also frequently used, and has the meaning of "in substance" or "in operation."
Affect as a Noun
Rounding out our quadrant of confusion,
remember that affect is also a noun(although its use is primarily found in psychology), meaning "a set of observable manifestations of an experienced emotion : the facial expressions, gestures, postures, vocal intonations, etc., that typically accompany an emotion."
You may, in future moment of indecision, try to remember that if you are using a verb you are more likely going to want affect, and if you want a noun it is probably going to be effect.
Affect/Effect
Question:
Does the weather affect or effect your mood?
Answer:
affect
How to Remember It:
The simplest distinction is that affect is almost always a verb, and effect is usually a noun.
It may help to remember that the verb - the "action word" - starts with "a": affect is an action.
These words are frequently confused, partly because their meanings are related.
Collins COBUILD English Dictionary
Affect – effect
1. 'affect'
Affect /ə'fekt/ is a verb.
To affect someone or something means to cause them to change, often in a negative way.
There are many ways in which computers can affect our lives.
The disease affected Jane's lungs.
2. 'effect'
Effect /ɪ'fekt/ is usually a noun.
An effect is something that happens or exists because something else has happened.
The report shows the effect of noise on people in the factories.
This has the effect of separating students from teachers.
You can say that something has a particular effect on something else.
Improvement in water supply can have a dramatic effect on health.
These changes will have a significant effect on our business.
Effect is sometimes a verb.
If you effect something that you are trying to achieve, you succeed in achieving it.
This is a formal use.
The new law will give us the power to effect change.
Collins COBUILD English Dictionary
Result – effect
1. 'result'
A result of something is an event or situation that happens or exists because of it.
The result of this announcement was that the share price of the company rose by 10 per cent.
I nearly missed the flight as a result of getting stuck in traffic.
I cut my own hair – often with disastrous results.
2. 'effect'
When something produces a change in a thing or person,
don't refer to this change as a 'result' on the thing or person.
The word you use is effect.
Diet has a significant effect on your health.
Collin COBUILD English Usage:
ให้รายละเอียด การใช้ “affect” และ “effect”
เมื่อเป็น กริยา “การจะ “affect” บางคน/บางสิ่ง”
หมายถึง “เป็นเหตุให้พวกเขาเปลี่ยนแปลง” บ่อยครั้ง ในทางลบ (ไม่ดี) เช่น
“There are many ways in which computers can affectour lives.”
“The disease affectedJane’s lungs.”
ตามปกติ ใช้ “effect” เป็น นาม
“การมี “effect” ต่อบางสิ่ง “ที่ได้เกิดขึ้น/มีอยู่” เพราะได้เกิดอย่างอื่นขึ้น” เช่น
“The report shows the effect of noise on people in the factories.”
“This has the effectof separating students from teachers.”
สามารถ กล่าวว่า “บางสิ่ง ‘has a’ particular ‘effect on’ บางสิ่ง” เช่น
“Improvement in water supply can have a dramatic effect on health.”
“These changes will have a significant effect on our business.”
บางครั้งใช้ “effect” เป็น กริยา
“ถ้าคุณ “effect” บางสิ่ง
ที่คุณกำลังพยายามทำให้เสร็จ” ทำให้คุณทำได้สำเร็จ”
ซึ่งเป็นการใช้ ที่เป็นทางการ เช่น
“The new law will give us the power to effect change.”
ส่วน “result” ของ บางสิ่ง หมายถึง
‘เหตุการณ์หรือสถานการณ์ ที่เกิดขึ้นหรือมีอยู่’
เพราะเป็น “result” ของสิ่งนั้น เช่น
“The resultof this announcement was that the share price of the company rose by 10 per cent.”
“I nearly missed the flight as a result of getting stuck in traffic.”
“I cut my own hair – often with disastrous results.”
“เมื่อ บางสิ่ง ทำให้เกิดการเปลี่ยนแปลง กับ บางสิ่งหรือบางคน”
อย่าอ้างอิงถึง ‘การเปลี่ยนแปลง’ เช่นนี้
ว่าเป็น “result” ของ บางสิ่งหรือบางคน
ต้องใช้ว่า “effect” เช่น
“Diet has a significant effect on your health.”
