2020-09-12
180822-1 คำชวนสับสน ในการใช้ ชุด D – Drought - drouth
การใช้ภาษาอังกฤษ ที่ถือว่า ถูกต้อง ในที่นี้ เป็นไป ตามมาตรฐาน ของภาษา
การใช้ภาษาอังกฤษ ไม่กำหนดมาตฐาน ถือตามส่วนใหญ่ที่ใช้แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจยืดหยุ่น ขึ้นอยู่กับ ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง “Drought” = ‘DROUT’
Dictionary.com
PRONUNCIATION NOTE FOR DROUGHT
Drought and drouth, nouns derived from the adjective dry plus a suffix, are spellings that represent two phonetic developments of the same Old English word, and are pronounced [drout] and [drouth] respectively.
The latter pronunciation, therefore, is not a mispronunciation of drought. The now unproductive suffix -th1 and its alternate form -t were formerly used to derive nouns from adjectives or verbs, resulting in such pairs as drouth — drought from dry and highth—height (the former now obsolete) from high.
In American English, drought with the pronunciation [drout] is common everywhere in educated speech, and is the usual printed form.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Word History
'Drought' & 'Drouth'
The word 'drought' once had three common variant spellings. Two of these can still be found today.
Once summer arrives, some parts of the country invariably find themselves deep into a drought. Or, depending on where you are, that might be a drouth.
Drought first showed up in English over 1,000 years ago to refer to a dry, parched place, like the desert. The word is ultimately from the Old English word for "dry" (dryge); the adjective turned into a verb (drugian, "to make dry"), and then that verb was adapted into a noun (drugath or drugoth, "a dry place"). By the time the Old English noun was taken into Middle English, it had three common spellings: drought, drougth, and drouth.
You may wonder why one word with one fixed spelling (drugian) ended up as a noun with three common spellings (drought, drougth, and drouth).
We are accustomed to thinking of English spelling as being independent of pronunciation: after all, rough, cough, and bough are all spelled the same and they don't rhyme, do they? But this is a modern way of approaching English. Back during the Middle English period, English spelling was based entirely on pronunciation.
Middle English was a language that had a large number of dialects, and each dialect had its own way of pronouncing words. Because spelling was based on how words were pronounced, that meant that even simple words, like friend, had dozens of variant spellings: frend, freond, freynd, frundle, freend, froend, and so on.
The three Middle English spellings of drought reflected the main pronunciations of the word throughout England.
In time, thanks in part to the introduction of the printing press in England and the widespread distribution of books printed in London throughout the whole nation, spelling began to standardize. We lost the Middle English drougth, but both drought and drouth hung on. Why did drouth hang on? Because there were still plenty of people who pronounced the word /DROWTH/.
Today, drouth still has occasional use, mostly in the American Southwest, Southeast, and Midwest, though drought has substantially more use.
And how do you pronounce it? /DROWT/ and /DROWTH/ are the most current and commonest pronunciations, though you may still near a rare and older pronunciation, /DRAWT/ or /DRAWTH/.
This pronunciation was falling out of use by the time our Webster's Third New International Dictionary was published in 1961: that dictionary says that this variant pronunciation is only used "sometimes."
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expressions:
อธิบายว่า ทั้ง “drought” และ “drouth”
ที่สะกดต่างกัน มีความหมาย คล้ายกัน ว่า
“dry weather”
“lack or rain” หรือ น้ำรูปอื่นใดเช่น หิมะ/เกล็ดน้ำแข็งหรือลูกเห็บ
และ ความแห้งแล้ง ที่มีระยะเวลานาน
โดยที่ “drought” ออกเสียงว่า “drout” = “เดราท์”
และ “drouth” ออกเสียง คล้ายกันแต่ลงท้ายด้วยเสียง “th”
ในการใช้ ปกติชอบที่จะเลือกใช้ “drought” มากกว่า เช่น
“The draught (หรือ drouth) extended for three months, ruining all hopes for a good crop of vegetables.”
“The team went without a victory for the entire season, a long period of draught (หรือ drauth).”