Basic supply chain management

ทบทวนคำสำคัญเพื่อเตรียมตัวสอบ CPIM - Basic Supply Chain Management Module

INTRODUCTION TO SCM

 

  • Wealth comes from natural resources, manufacturing & services. We can increase wealth by adding value to a product/service, by designing effective prod. process and operate them efficiently.
  • Three major external factors affecting companies are (1) world competition (2) quality (3) customer expectations
  • Customers expectation: (1) order qualifiers: competitive characteristics (2) order winners: competitive characteristics causing customers to buy
  • Lead time: span of time required to perform a process. Two important lead time to meet customer expectations are
  • Delivery lead time: the time from receipt of order to the delivery of product
  • Cumulative lead time: longest planned time length to accomplish activity in question
    • Manufacturing strategies (ETO, MTO, ATO, MTS). ETO requires the longest delivery lead time. MTS requires the shortest
    • The supply chain includes all activities and processes needed to supply a product or service to a final customer.
    • Physical distribution: movement of goods from suppliers à production process à customers. It involves (1) transportation (2) distribution inventory (3) warehousing (4) packaging (5) material handling (6) order entry
    • The major distribution costs are transportation, distribution inventory and warehousing
    • Conflict in traditional supply systems exists between Marketing – Operation - Finance on CS, production efficiency, inventory mgt
    • Material mgt: must balance the conflicting objectives between marketing, operation & finance by managing the flow of materials. Material mgt. involves (1) manufacturing planning and control (2) physical supply/distribution
    • The job of manufacturing planning and control is to plan and control the flow of material through manufacturing operation. It involves     (1) production planning i.e forecasting, master planning, material requirement planning, capacity planning (2) implementation and control (3) inventory management
    • Based on the flow of materials, there are three plant layouts: (1) product layout – continuous, repetitive flow (2) process layout – intermittent flow (3) project layout
    • Product layout: limited range of similar product, dedicated workstation, sufficient demand, capital intensive
    • Process layout (job shop, batch <lot> manufacturing): intermittent lot production, many different parts processed at workstations, general purpose machinery, similar type of skills & equipment, work moves only to required stations, easy to change product or volume, complex & expensive production and control, high WIP, longer lead time
    • Project layout: used for large, complex projects, project remains in one location for assembly, avoids cost of moving the product
    • Planning: is needed to ensure availability of resources (material & capacity) to satisfy customer demand
    • Priority: the relative important of jobs, i.e. the sequence in which jobs should be worked on
    • Capacity: the capability of a worker, machine, work centre, plant, or organization to produce output per time period
    • Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP II): a method for the effective planning of all resources of a manufacturing company. Ideally, it address operational planning in unit, financial planning in dollars. Objective is to integrate the resources of an organization.