เผยแพร่เรื่องtopic(4)

{ต่อจากเผยแพร่เรื่อง (3)}

Post - test

4. The first real bicycle was made in Scotland. It was built in 1839 by a man named Macmillan.

His bicycle had two wheels like a modern bicycle. But it was much more difficult to ride. It was

heavier because it was made of wood and iron. It did not have rubber tires like a modern bicycle.

Instead, it had wooden wheels. This made it very uncomfortable on bumpy roads. But Macmillan

was lucky about one thing ; he could not get a flat tire!

a. Bicycles

b. Bicycle wheels

c. The first bicycle

d. Bicycles in Scotland

5. Large forests are important to us in many ways. They give us wood for building and heating. They are a home for many kinds of plants and animals. And for many city people, forests are a place to go for a vacation. People can learn about nature there. They can breathe fresh air and sleep in a quiet place. But there is one more reason why forests are important for everyone. The leaves on the treesin a forest help clean the air. Dirty air is a problem in many parts of the world. Without our forests this problem might be much worse.

a. Large forests.

b. The importance of forest.

c. Taking vacation in forest.

d. Kinds of plants and animals in forests.

6.It is easy to make a good cup of tea. Just follow these steps. First, boil some water. Next, put

some hot water in the tea pot to warm it. Pour the water out of the pot and put in some tea leaves.

You will need one teaspoon of tea leaves for each cup of tea you want. Then pour the boiling water

into the tea pot. Cover the pot and wait for a few minutes. Now the tea is ready to drink

a. How to make good tea.

b. How much tea to use.

c. How to boil water.

d. A good cup of tea.

7. Teenager who love to dance spends hour there. People in there twenties and thirties, who

enjoy the music and who like to dance. Find discos the place to be. Everyone like the disco’s up atmosphere. Lively discos attract many people.

Everyone likes up atmosphere.
Lively discos attract manypeople.
Teenager who love to dance spends hour there.
People in 20’s and 30’s find discos the place to be

Firemen aren’t the only people who have favorite animals as mascots. 2 They usually have

spotted dog. 3 At a school for soldiers, called West Point, the students have a mule for their mascots. 4 At school for sailors, the students have a goat. 5 And at the Air Force school the mascots is a bird.

7.What is topic noun? ( noun that is often talked about)

a. mascots b. Firemen

c. school for sailor d. favorite animals

5. Education is one of the basic needs of life. We need education to earn our livings. We need

it to live happily in the society under the same laws. Without education it is difficult to understand

other people.

a. We need education to earn our livings.

b. Education is one of the basic needs of life.

c. We need it to live happily in the society under the same laws.

d. Without education it is difficult to understand other people.

2. Nancy read everything she could find about nursing. She spent hours in the library learning

about first aid. When the call came for summer volunteers at the hospital, she was the first to sign up,

She was determined to prepare herself as best she could for what she hoped would be her career.

a. Nancy read everything she could find about nursing.

b.She spent hours in the library learning about first aid.

c.The call came for summer volunteers at the hospital.

d. She was determined to prepare herself.

3.There are many places to enjoy. Museums and aquariums have interesting exhibits. Large

stores and malls have a great selection of things to buy. Many large cities also have major sports teams to watch.

a. There are many places to enjoy.

b. Museums and aquariums have interesting exibits

c. Largr stores and malls have a great selection of things to buy.

d. Many large cities also have major sports teams to watch

6. There are three reasons why Canada is the best countries in the world. First, Canada

has an excellent help care system . All Cannadians have access to medical services at a reasonable

price. Second, Canada is a high standard of education. Students are taught by well-trained teachers

and are encouraged to continue studying at university . Finally, Canda’s cities are clean and managed . Canadian cities have many parks and lot of space for people tolive. As a result, Canada is a resirable place to live.

a. All Cannadians have access to medical services at a reasonable price

b. There three reasons why Canada is the best countries in the world

c. Cannadian cities have many parks and lot of space for people to live

d. As a result, Cannada is a resirable place to live

8. Cities began to have many problems. The rich people and the businesses did not pay

much money in taxes. So cities had less money for schools and housing. Sometimes they

could not pay their police officers or firefighters. And they could not take good care of their

streets and parks.

a.Cities began to have money problems.

b.The rich people did not pay city taxes.

c. Cities had less money for schools and housing.

d. People did not take good care of their streets and parks.

9. There is a way to help you to remember people’s name, when you need someone new,

think of something about them that will help you remember. For example, when you meet a

Ms. Brown say to yourself “Ms Brown has brown hair”Or if you meet a Mr. Long, say to

yourself Mr. Long likes to sing a song. Many people say that this help them to remember

other people’s names.

a.When you need someone new, think of them.

b.If you meet Ms. Brown, try to remember her.

c.There is a way to help remember people’s names.

d. Mr. Long will help you remember other people’s names.

10. Some big factories pour poisonous, unwanted things into water, killing fish and

dangering the water for drinking. Careless people who drop litter make public park into

dirty places. Burning garbage turns the air unclean for mile. Around junkyards full of used,

useless cars, can be found in large number thoughout the countryside. Yes, signs of

destruction of living space can be found everywhere.

Burning garbage turns the air unclean.
Junkyards can be found thoughout the countryside.
Destruction of living space can be found everywhere.
Factories pour poisonous, unwanted things into water.

Choose the best Topic of each paragraph from the choices given

Post - Test

Choose the best Topic of each paragraph from the choices given.

4. Last year I started preparing for Christmas in July. I began shopping in the summer. I could

not bear the Christmas rush. At Christmas there are too many lines, too many people pushing and

shoving, and too many crowded stores. In July there is no snow, no Santa, and no cold weather, but otherwise, everything is perfect for starting my Christmas shopping.

a. Crowded stores

b. Christmas shopping

c. Preparing for shopping

d. Early Christmas shopping

5. It is very important to use water carefully. Here are some ways you can use less water. First,

you should be sure you turn off the faucets tightly. They should not drop in the bathroom or kitchen

sink. Second, you should not keep the water on for a long time. You should turn it off while you

are doing something else. It shoud be off while you are shaving or brushing your teeth. It should

also be off while you are washing the dishes. Finally, in the summer you should water your garden

in the evening. That way you will not lose a lot of water. During the day the sun dried up the earth

too quickly.

a. Ways to use less water.

b. Ways to wash the dishes.

c. How to turn off the faucet.

d. How to shave and brush your teeth.

6. In the United States orange juice is one of the most popular cold drinks. Most of the oranges

for juice grow in Florida. In many homes around the country, orange juice is always served at

breakfast time. It is also a favorite snack at any time of the day. When there is bad weather in

Florida the whole country know about it. Bad weather in Florida means fewer oranges. And that

means more expensive orange juice!

a. Bottle orange juice.

b. Bad weather in Florida.

c. Cold drink in the United states.

d. Orange juice in the United States.

7. Some of largest trees in the world are in California. These are called redwood trees. Red Wood

National Park is a large forest of redwood trees. Visitors in the park can walk and drive through

the forest to look at the trees. Some redwoods are hundreds of years old. These old trees are very

tall . They are also very wide at the bottom. One tree has a large hole in the bottom. The hole is

so big that you can drive a car through it.

a. Parks in California.

b. The age of redwood.

c. Largest trees in the world.

d. Redwood trees in California.

8. A month ago I wrote to a computerized dating service. I wanted to find the perfect mate, and

I decided to give the computer a chance to help me. I filled out a five-page questionnaire about my

social, educational, physical, and religious background. Within two weeks the dating service

sent three names to me. Each one of these people was supposed to be a match for me. Can you

guess what happened when I met my first dates?

a. Going out on dates.

b. Finding a perfect mate.

c. Filling out a questionnaire

d. Using a computerized dating service.

Have you ever seen children in costumes and masks ringing doorbells and crying out.

“Trick or Treat? “ This is a very common sight every year on October 31. The children are

celebrating Halloween. On this holiday children dress up as witches, ghosts, goblins, and other

characters. They ring doorbells and ask for a piece of candy or some bubble gum or even a few

pennies. If they do not receive a treat. They may play a trick on the person or on the house.

a. Ringing doorbells.

b. Celebrating Halloween.

c. Witches, ghosts, goblins.

d. An annual holiday on October 31.

10. Keep your tree outdoors until the day before Christmas. Never use lighted candles.

There are other suggestions, also, for avoiding the Christmas tree fire. Turn off the tree

lights before you leave the house.

a. Avoiding the Christmas tree fire.

b. The tree lights.

c. Your tree outdoor.

d. The fire on the tree.

3. Topic paragraph คือ ย่อหน้าที่ประกอบด้วย Topic noun และ Topic sentence และเป็นแกนกลางของเนื้อเรื่องทั้งหมด Topic paragraph จะได้รับการสนับสนุนจากเนื้อความในย่อหน้าอื่นๆทั้งทางตรง (Directly supporting paragraph) ทางอ้อม (Indirectly supporting paragraph) ความเชื่อมโยงระหว่าง Topic paragraph กับ Supporting paragraph จะสังเกตได้จากลักษณะที่สำคัญ 3 ประการคือ

คำเชื่อมความ (Transitional words) คือ Conjunction prepositions และ adverbs ที่ผู้เขียนใช้เพื่อทำให้เนื้อความภายในประโยค ภายในย่อหน้า และระหว่างย่อหน้า เกิดความกลมกลืนในเนื้อความ (Coherence) และทำให้เนื้อความนั้นมุ่งไปสู่ประเด็นหลัก (Main idea)ในทิศทางเดียวกันเรียกว่า ความเป็นเอกภาพของเนื้อความ (Unity)

คำซ้ำ (Word repetition) การใช้คำนามตัวเดียวกันหรือคำที่มาจากรากศัพท์เดียวกันในหลายย่อหน้า แสดงให้เห็นทิศทางของข้อมูลความคิดระหว่างย่อหน้าว่ามีความเกี่ยวข้องกันในเนื้อหาของใจความรวม (Topic) แต่มีรายละเอียดปลีกย่อยแตกต่างกันจึงต้องอยู่ต่างย่อหน้ากัน เพราะหลักทั่วไปในการเขียนเนื้อความระดับย่อหน้าและเรื่อง คือ ต้องขึ้นย่อหน้าใหม่เมื่อเริ่มประเด็นใหม่ ซึ่งอาจเป็นประเด็นรวมใหม่ (Topic) หรือประเด็นย่อยใหม่ (Details)

การอ้างอิงหรือตัวอ้างอิง (Reference) ความเกี่ยวข้องของเนื้อความระหว่างย่อหน้าสามารถสังเกตได้จากการใช้คำ วลี ที่พาดพิงถึง คำ วลี หรือประโยค ที่ได้กล่าวถึงมาแล้วในย่อหน้าที่ผ่านมา นั่นคือการอ้างอิงข้อมูลย้อนกลับ (Restarting or Backward reference) มีบางครั้งที่ผู้เขียนเกริ่นเนื้อความล่วงหน้าเพื่อจะนำไปขยายความที่เป็นรายละเอียดในย่อหน้าถัดไป จึงใช้การอ้างอิงข้อมูลล่วงหน้า (Prestarting or Forward reference) การอ้างอิงข้อมูลล่วงหน้า หรือการอ้างอิงไปข้างหน้านี้มีปรากฏใช้น้อยกว่าการอ้างอิงย้อนกลับ อย่างไรก็ตามถ้าผู้อ่านได้ทบทวนและทำความเข้าใจทักษะและเครื่องมือในการอ่านคือ ตัวอ้างอิง (Reference) จะช่วยให้ผู้อ่านเข้าใจความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างย่อหน้าที่ใช้การอ้างอิงใจความ

8.Which is the topic sentence?

a.sentence 1

b.sentence 2

c. sentence 4

d. sentence 5

Birds are excellent source of food. 2. Chickens and turkeys are examples of birds which supplyman with great quantities of meat. 3 Chickens and other birds also supply eggs. 4 Farmers consider most birds as friends because they destroy insect pets and the seeds of weeds. 5Birds are useful for people. 6 Salt Lake City has a monument to sea gulls, which are up many thousands of crickets that threatenedcrops of the

Mormon farmers. 7 Many birds of prey destroy harmful mice, rats, and ground squirrels.

6. What is topic noun?

a. food b. birds

c. farmers d. chickens

7.Which is the topic sentence?

a. sentence 1 b. sentence 3

c. sentence 5 d. sentence 7

On American television there are many ads about kinds of soaps. They show soap for washing clothes.They also show speciality for washing dishes. Some ads show soap only for washing floors. Other ads are about soap for washing cars. Television ads show soap for washing people too. Often the ads tell about special soap for washing your hair. Other soap it just for taking care of little babies. American television seems very interesting in cleaning.

5. The best topic of the paragraph is…….