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Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง inflammable = ‘in-FLAM-uh-buhl’
ออกเสียง inflamatory = ‘in-FLAM-uh-tawr-ee’ or ‘tohr-ee’
Common Errors in English Usage Dictionary:
Inflammable
“Inflammable” means the same thing
as “flammable”:
burnable, capable of being ignited or inflamed.
So many people mistakethe “in-” prefix as a negative,
however, that it has been largely abandoned as a warning label.
The A-Z of correct English Usage Dictionary:
INFLAMMABLE = easily bursting into inflammatory? flames INFLAMMATORY = tending to arouse violent feelings.
Abused, Confused, & Misused Words by Mary Embree
inflammable
= combustible (figuratively: inflammable emotions)
Not to be confused with:
flammable = combustible
(technical use, on a warning sign:
caution! flammable)
nonflammable = not combustible or easily set on fire
Dictionary.com
WORDS OFTEN CONFUSED WITH INFLAMMABLE
Inflammable and flammable
both mean “combustible.”
Inflammable is the older by about 200 years.
Flammable now has certain technicaluses,
particularly as a warning on vehicles
carrying combustible materials.
because of a belief that some might interpret
the intensive prefix in- of inflammable
as a negative prefix
and thus think the word means “noncombustible.”
Inflammable is the word more usually used
in nontechnical and figurative contexts:
The speaker ignited the inflammable emotions of the crowd.
Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary
in•flam`ma•bil′i•ty, & in•flam′ma•ble•ness, n.
in•flam′ma•bly, adv.
usage:
inflammable and flammable both mean “combustible.”
inflammable is the older by about 200 years.
flammable now has certain technical uses,
particularly as
a warning on vehicles carrying combustible materials,
because of a belief that
some might interpret theintensive prefix in-of inflammable
as a negative prefix and
thus think the word means “noncombustible.”
inflammable is the word more usu. used
in nontechnical and figurative contexts:
inflammable clothing; an inflammable temper.
Collins COBUILD English Usage
Flammable & inflammable
Both flammable and inflammable are used
to describe materials or chemicals that burn easily.
A window had been smashed and flammable liquid poured in.
...commercial centres, holding large stocks of inflammable materials.
Be Careful!
Inflammable is not the opposite of flammable.
The opposite is non-flammable.
The fuel is recyclable, clean and non-flammable.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Why Inflammable Is Not the Opposite of Flammable
Combustible and incombustible are opposites,
but flammable and inflammable are synonyms.
How can that be?
The in- of incombustible is a common prefix meaning "not,"
but the in- of inflammable is a different prefix.
Inflammable, which dates back to 1605,
descends from Latin inflammare ("to inflame"),
itself from in- (here meaning "in" or "into")
plus flammare ("to flame").
Flammable also comes from flammare
but didn't enter English until 1813.
In the early 20th century,
firefighters worried that people might think inflammable meant "not able to catch fire,"
so they adopted flammable and nonflammable
as official safety labels
and encouraged their use to prevent confusion.
In general use,
flammable is now the preferred term
for describing things that cancatch fire,
but inflammable is still
occasionally used with that meaning as well.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Words at Play
Flammable vs. Inflammable
Both words mean the same thing,
but one of them is bound to confuse most people.
What to Know
Inflammable and flammable are synonyms
and mean "able to burn" even though they look like opposites.
In this case,
rather than the prefix in- meaning "not," as it often does,
"inflammable" comes from the latin verb inflammare,
which means "to cause to catch fire."
"Flammable" was coined later from a translation of
the latin verb flammare
("to catch fire"), which inflammare is related to.
"When cooking over a gas stove, avoid wearing loose, (flammable/inflammable) clothing that could catch fire easily."
Which word is correct: flammable or inflammable?
Trick question:
both flammable and inflammable are correct,
as they both mean
"capable of being easily ignited and of burning quickly."
This makes no sense to the Modern English speaker.
In English, we think of in- as a prefix that means "not":
inactive means "not active,"
inconclusive means "not conclusive,"
inconsiderate means "not considerate."
Therefore, inflammable should mean "not flammable."
The Latin Inflammare
That would make sense
—if inflammable had started out as an English word.
We get inflammable from the Latin verb inflammare,
which combines flammare ("to catch fire") with a Latin prefix in-, which means "to cause to."
This in- shows up occasionally in English words,
though we only tend to notice it
when the in- word is placed next to its root word
for comparison:
impassive and passive,
irradiated and radiated,
inflame and flame.
Inflammable came into English in the early 1600s.
Things were fine until 1813,
when a scholar translating a Latin text
coined the English word flammable from the Latin flammare,
and now we had a problem:
two words that look like antonyms
but are actually synonyms.
There has been confusion between the two words ever since.
The True Opposite of Inflammable
What do you do?
To avoid confusion,
choose flammable when you are referring to
something that catches fire and burns easily,
and use the relatively recent nonflammable
when referring to something
that doesn't catch fire and burn easily.
Our files indicate that use of flammable and nonflammable
has increased in print over the last few decades,
while use of inflammable has decreased.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Word History
'Inflame': Fired with Anger
Why doesn't it mean "to set on fire"?
What to Know
Inflame typically means "to make angry" or "to excite"
and has rarely been used in the literal sense
as "to set on fire."
While some words gain metaphoric meaning over time,
this is an example of a word losing its literal meaning early on.
It’s easy to get the impression that changes in language
most often come in the form of newly addedmeanings to words (cookie and mouse come to mind),
but the reverse also happens:
meanings can also fall away,
something that is surely harder to notice.
Case in point:
inflame. It all starts with fire
(at least, etymologically and metaphorically speaking).
The word inflame
and its derivatives like
inflammation, inflammatory, and inflammable
have word roots that are clear,
and “in flames,” of course, means “on fire.”
Usage of 'Inflame'
But we don’t use inflame to mean “to set on fire” very often,
and if we do encounter it, it seems distinctly archaic.
It came to English from the French verb enflamer, and enflame remains a variant spelling.
In fact, inflame has always been more commonly used
in figurative ways than in its literal meaning.
Early use of the word clearly
means “to make angry” or “to enrage”:
'Inflammation' and 'Inflammatory'
Today, when we encounter the word inflammation,
we think of physical discomfort or pain—a medical symptom.
Indeed, that’s one way the word has been usedfor centuries,
as early as the 1530s,
when Sir Thomas Elyot published
a treatise on physical health entitled
The castel of helth (“The Castle of Health”),
in which he used the term in phrases such as
“inflammation of the lunges” and “a soorenesse,
a swellynge or an inflammation.”
Inflammatory is a more recent addition to English,
created by using the Latin scientific vocabulary
rather coming than from a French word.
As such, it has always had a more technical quality.
Early use from the 17th century shows consistency
with its current meanings:
“lascivious and inflammatory books”;
“inflammatory diseases.”
Inflammable came from French,
but dates from around 1600, much later than inflame.
The original Latin-derived French in- means “in” or “with,”
but it’s easily confused with
the other prefix in- meaning “not” (like un- or non-),
which explains why inflammable is sometimes
confusingly used to mean “not flammable”
instead of the more historical and correct “flammable.”
This confusion exhibits
one of the problems with language change:
it can seem to make
the meaning of a word seem to go up in flames.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Inflammable & Nonflammable
In- often functions as a negative prefix,
carrying the meaning of “not”
when found at the begining of words such as _inconclusive and inarticulate.
However, in the case of inflammable
the prefix means “in” or “into”
(the word comes from the Latin inflammare, "to inflame”).
Inflammable can mean either “flammable”
(“capable of being easily ignited and of burning quickly”)
or “easily inflamed, excited, or angered.”
Nonflammable, on the other hand, means “not flammable;
specifically, not easily ignited and not burning rapidly if ignited.”
Common Errors in English Usage Dictionary
Inflammable
“Inflammable” means the same thing as “flammable”:
burnable, capable of being ignited or inflamed.
So many people mistake the “in-” prefix as a negative,
however, that it has been largely abandoned as a warning label.
