2022-10-14
151225-1 ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด H - horrible & horrid
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https://www.gotoknow.org/posts/683858
Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง horrible = ‘HAWR-uh-buhl’
ออกเสียง horrid = ‘HAWR-id’
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expression
horrible & horrid
Each of these words means
“dreadful” “extremely unpleasant or disagreeable,” “abominable.”
One can speak of “a horrid disease” or “a horrible disease”
with equal meaning and emphasis.
Both words are intensive, that is,
terms that have a strong emotional meaning
and that usually exaggerate what is actually in mind.
Consequently, horrible and horrid
should be used thoughtfully and sparingly.
Few acts, conditions, or thoughts can truly be said
to caused horror, and overwhelming or revolting.
Perhaps slightly less forceful words may,
on occasion, be more apt:
shocking, fearful, horrendous, dismaying, frightening, startling, intimidating, scary, alarming
Dictionary.com
VOCAB BUILDER
What does horrible mean?
Horrible is popularly used to mean extremely bad
—awful, dreadful, or horrendous.
When it’s used to describe a person,
it often means extremely disagreeable or cruel.
Much less commonly, it can mean literally
causing horror—horrifying or horrific.
Example:
Everyone seems to like that restaurant,
but I had a horrible experience there
—bad food and even worse service.
Dictionary.com
Where does horrible come from?
The first records of the word horrible come
from around 1300.
It comes from the Latin horribilis,
which ultimately derives from the Latin verb horrēre,
meaning “to tremble” or “to bristle with fear”
(a reference to one’s hair standing on end
due to extreme fear).
Horrēre is also the basis of the word horror
and the related words horrific, horrifying, and horrid.
Horrible is most popularly used to simply mean “really bad,”
in much the same way that terrible and awful are often used,
as in I had a horrible time at that party
—no one would talk to me!
Sometimes, though,
horrible means truly horrific or horrifying,
as in In my 30 years on the job,
I’ve never seen a crime scene more horrible than this.
Real-life horror-like violence can be described as horrible,
but you wouldn’t call a horror movie horrible
to mean it was really scary
—you’d probably call it horrifying or terrifying.
If it was really stupid and poorly made, though,
then you could call it horrible.
(Unless it was so bad that it was good,
in which case you might call it terrific!)
Dictionary.com
VOCAB BUILDER
What does horrid mean?
Horrid is popularly used to mean
extremely bad—awful, dreadful, or horrible.
When it’s used to describe a person, it often means
extremely disagreeable or cruel.
Much less commonly, it can mean
literally causing horror—horrifying or horrific.
Example:
Everyone seems to like that restaurant,
but I had a horrid experience there
—bad food and even worse service.
Collins COBUILD English Usage
Horrible – horrid – horrific – horrifying – horrendous
describing unpleasant events or experiences
All of these words except horrid
can be used to describe
a very unpleasant and shocking event, experience, or story.
Still the horrible shrieking came out of his mouth.
It was one of the most horrific experiences of my life.
...the horrifying descriptions of life in the trenches.
...the horrendous murder of a prostitute.
2. expressing dislike
In conversation, people use horrible and horrid
to show their dislike for someone or something.
These words can be used to describe almost anything
which is unpleasant, ugly, disgusting, or depressing.
The hotel was horrible.
His suit was a horrible colour.
We had to live in a horrid little flat.
3. for emphasis
Horrible is also used in front of a noun
to emphasize how bad something is.
For example,
you can say 'I've made a horrible mistake'.
Everything's in a horrible muddle.
Horrendous is usually used to describe something which is extremely difficult to deal with.
...horrendous problems.
The cost can be horrendous.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Word History
The Hirsute History of 'Horror'
This history will make your hair stand on end
What to Know
Horror, today meaning “a very strong sense of fear or dread”
has its origins in a Latin verb meaning “to bristle”
in that horror originally referred to the state of hair standing on end, often due to fear.
Today, horror isn’t associated with hair,
and an etymologically related word, hirsute, has filled the gap.
A horror film may make your hair stand on end,
but, in an unusually perfect example of etymological symmetry,
the idea of hair standing on end is literally the origin of the word horror.
Horror' comes from a Latin verb meaning "to bristle" or "to shudder"—the idea being that a horrified person's hair stands on end.
Origin of Horror
Horror came into English through the French
spoken in Britain in the 13th and 14th centuries,
and ultimately comes from Latin.
Like valor, color, honor, and humor,
it’s spelled the same way in English as it is in Latin
(these words were re-Latinized in modern American English
from a variety of French and Middle English spellings).
Horror derives from the verb horrēre,
which had several meanings:
to stand up, to bristle
to have a rough, unkempt appearance
to shudder, to shiver (with cold)
to tremble (with fear)
The “bristle” sense became the basis
for the original meaning of the Latin noun horror:
“the action or quality (in hair) of rising or standing stiffly, bristling” (according to the Oxford Latin Dictionary).
Bristling from cold or fear
—shuddering or shivering
—led to the development of the meaning
“a quality or condition inspiring horror” or
“a thing which brings terror.” The symptom became the cause.
The “shuddering” or “shivering” senses of horror
were in use into the 20th century.
In the 1934 Webster’s Second Unabridged,
a medical sense of horror was defined as:
A shaking, shivering, or shuddering,
as in the cold fit which precedes a fever;
in old medical writings,
a chill of less severity than a rigor,
and more marked than an algor.
And the 1961 edition, Webster’s Third Unabridged,
added a specific sense for the plural form horrors
as a synonym of delirium tremens:
“a violent delirium with tremors.”
The physical appearance of hair standing on end
led to the other intermediate meaning
between “bristling” and “bringing terror”:
“roughness of appearance.”
This became an early meaning of horror in English,
a meaning shared with another descendant of horrēre, horrid,
which originally meant “rough”
or “bristling,” meanings that are now archaic.
It was used with this meaning in
Richard Burton’s The Anatomy of Melancholy, from 1621:
Words Derived From Horror
Both horrendous and horrific,
like horrid, came into English in the 16th and 17th centuries,
by which time horror had come to principally mean
“a very strong feeling of fear, dread, or shock”
and mostly drifted away from any hairy, bristly, or shivering notions.
Perhaps to fill this lexical gap,
another related word was borrowed from Latin at this time:
hirsūtus, meaning “hairy” and “bristly,”
and became hirsute in English.
The fact that horrēre meant “to bristle” and hirsūtus meant
“covered with bristles” is most likely not a coincidence,
since they probably come from the same Indo-European root,
a verb meaning “to be stiff, to bristle,”
though no written record goes back that far.
All of which is to say that,
the next time you tremble with fear,
there’s an etymological reason that you’re in a hairy situation.
