2022-05-06
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน - Set – G – give & confer & grant
แนะนำการใช้ ตามที่ส่วนใหญ่ใช้ แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจผันแปร ตาม ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com:
ออกเสียงconfer = “Kuhn-FUR”
Dictionary.com:
ORIGIN OF GIVE
First recorded before 900; Middle English,
from Old Norse gefa (compare Danish give );
replacing Middle English yeven, yiven, Old English gefan, giefan;
cognate with Dutch geven, German geben, Gothic giban
(the pronunciation of the Middle English and Old English forms
with initial y- were replaced by Old Norse g-
as early as 1200 in parts of the Danelaw)
ORIGIN OF CONFER
First recorded in 1400–50 for earlier sense “to summon”;
1520–30 for current senses; late Middle English conferen,
from Latin conferre “to bring together, compare, consult with,”
equivalent to con- “with, together, completely”
(see con-) + ferre “to carry, bear” (see bear1)
ORIGIN OF GRANT
1175–1225; Middle English gra(u)nten<Old French graunter,
variant of crëanter<Vulgar Latin *credentāre, verbal derivative
of Latin crēdent-, stem of crēdēns, present participle of crēdere to believe
Dictionary.com:
SYNONYM STUDY FOR GIVE
Give, Confer, Grant, Present
may mean that something concrete or abstract
is bestowed on one person by another.
Give is the general word:
to give someone a book, permission, etc.
Confer usually means to give an honor or a favor;
it implies courteous and gracious giving:
to confer a degree.
Grant is limited to the idea of acceding to a request;
it may apply to the bestowal of privileges,
or the fulfillment of an expressed wish:
to grant a charter, a prayer, permission, etc.
Present, a more formal word than give,
usually implies a certain ceremony in the giving:
to present a citation to a regiment.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
Choose the Right Synonym for give
Verb
Give, Present, Donate, Bestow, Confer, Afford
mean to convey to another as a possession.
Give, the general term,
is applicable to any passing over
of anything by any means.
give alms
gave her a ride on a pony
give my love to your mother
Present carries a note of formality and ceremony.
present an award
Donate is likely to imply a publicized giving (as to charity).
donate a piano to the orphanage
Bestow implies the conveying of something as a gift
and may suggest condescension
on the part of the giver.
bestow unwanted advice
Confer implies a gracious giving (as of a favor or honor).
confer an honorary degree
Afford implies a giving or bestowing
usually as a natural or legitimate consequence
of the character of the giver.
the trees afford shade
a development that affords us some hope
Choose the Right Synonym for grant
Verb
Grant, Concede, Vouchsafe, Accord, Award
mean to give as a favor or a right.
Grant implies giving to a claimant or petitioner
something that could be withheld.
granted them a new hearing
Concede implies yielding something reluctantly
in response to a rightful or compelling claim.
even her critics concede she can be charming
Vouchsafe implies granting something as a courtesy
or an act of gracious condescension.
vouchsafed the secret to only a few chosen disciples
Accord implies giving to another what is due or proper.
accorded all the honors befitting a head of state
Award implies giving what is deserved or merited
usually after a careful weighing of pertinent factors.
awarded the company a huge defense contract
Choose the Right Synonym for confer
Give, Present, Donate, Bestow, Confer, Afford
mean to convey to another as a possession.
Give, the general term,
is applicable to any passing over
of anything by any means.
give alms
gave her a ride on a pony
give my love to your mother
Present carries a note of
formality and ceremony.
present an award
Donate is likely to imply
a publicized giving (as to charity).
donate a piano to the orphanage
Bestow implies the conveying of something as a gift
and may suggest condescension on the part of the giver.
bestow unwanted advice
Confer implies a gracious giving (as of a favor or honor).
confer an honorary degree
Afford implies a giving or bestowing
usually as a natural or legitimate consequence
of the character of the giver.
the trees afford shade
a development that affords us some hope
Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
Confer vs. Consult
Confer and consult are very closely related in meaning,
and each has senses that are synonymous with the other’s.
But as is so often the case with near-synonyms,
there are contexts in which one word is preferable to the other.
If you confer with someone,
it is entirely possible that you will be seeking advice,
but you could also simply be having a discussion
(“they conferred privately before making a decision”).
If you are consulting someone or something,
it is more likely that you are seeking advice
(“he consulted his doctor before
deciding on a course of treatment”).
Consult is unambiguously the correct choice
when one is seeking guidance
or information from a non-human source;
you would consult (not confer with) a dictionary
for information on a word.
The sense of confer that is concerned with giving something
(as in, “education confers many benefits”) is not shared by consult.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
Words of the Week
‘University’ & ‘Confer’
Reports that a group of concerned thinkers
were planning on forming a new university
caused lookups for that word to spike.
Also showing increased lookups was confer,
after it was reported that the school in question
was not yet accredited, and thus lacked the ability to grant degrees.
University came into English use in the 14th century,
initially with such meanings as
“a body of persons gathered at a particular place
for the disseminating and assimilating of knowledge
in advanced fields of study”
(a meaning that is now considered archaic).
In current use the word typically carries the meaning
“an institution of higher learning
providing facilities for teaching and research
and authorized to grant academic degrees.”
Confer, as used transitively in the context
of a college or university granting degrees,
is defined as
“to grant or bestow (something) from
or as if from a position of authority.”
Collins COBUID English Dictionary:
give
1. form and word order
Give is a very common verb that has several meanings.
Its past tense is gave. Its -ed participle is given.
Give usually takes an indirect object.
For some meanings of give,
the indirect object must goin front of the direct object.
For other meanings,
it can go either in front of the direct object or after it.
2. physical actions
Give is often used to describe physical actions.
When you use give like this, put the indirect object
in front of the direct object.
For example, say
'He gave the ball a kick'.
Don't say 'He gave a kick to the ball'.
He gave the door a push.
Ana gave Bal's hand a squeeze.
3. expressions and gestures
Give is also used to describe expressions and gestures.
When give is used like this,
the indirect object goes in front of the direct object.
He gave her a kind smile.
As he passed me, he gave me a wink.
4. effects
You can also use give to describe
an effect produced by someone or something.
Again, the indirect object goes in front of the direct object.
I thought I'd give you a surprise.
That noise gives me a headache.
5. things
If you give someone something,
you offer it to them and they take it.
When you use give like this, the indirect object
can go either in front of the direct object or after it.
When you put the direct object first,
you put to in front of the indirect object.
She gave Ravinder the keys.
He gave the letter to the teacher.
However, when the direct object is a pronoun
such as it or them and the indirect object is not a pronoun,
you must put the direct object first.
Say 'He gave it to his father'.
Don't say 'He gave his father it'.
He poured some milk and gave it to Joseph.
6. information
You also say that you give someone
information, advice, a warning, or an order.
When give is used like this, the indirect object
can go either in front of the direct object or after it.
Her secretary gave the caller the message.
He gave a strict warning to them not to look at the sun.
The captain gave an order to his team.
Collins COBUID English Dictionary:
1. 'offer'
If you offer something to someone,
you ask them if they would like to have it or use it.
He offered me a chocolate. I shook my head.
2. 'give'
If you put something in someone's hand
expecting them to take it, and they do take it,
don't say that you 'offer' it to them.
You say that you give it to them.
She gave Minnie the keys.
He gave me a red jewellery box.
3. 'offer to'
If you offer to do something,
you say that you are willing to do it.
He offered to take her home in a taxi.
I offered to answer any questions.
4. 'invite'
If someone asks you to do something that they think you will want to do,
don't say that they 'offer' you to do it.
You say that they invite you to do it.
I was invited to attend future meetings.
She invited me to come for dinner.
