2022-02-26
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน - Set – E - empathy & sympathy& compassion
แนะนำการใช้ ตามที่ส่วนใหญ่ใช้ แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจผันแปร ตาม ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com:
ออกเสียง empathy = “EM-puh-thee”
ออกเสียง sympathy = “SIM-puh-thee”
ออกเสียง compassion = “kuhm-PASH-uhn”
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expressions:
empathy & sympathy
Empathy, a more specific word than sympathy,
refers to actual identification
with the thoughts and feelings of someone else
or to a sharing through vicarious experience
with the attitudes and emotions of another:
Empathy is more meaningful in this time of sadness
than is any letter or gift of flowers.”
“Through empathythe young reader felt that
Maugham’s novel Of human bondage was a mirror of his own life.”
Sympathy refers to a general feeling of harmony or agreement
between persons, a fellow feeling of understanding:
“The mechanic expressed his sympathy but said that his garage was closed for the night.”
Common Errors in English Usage Dictionary:
empathy & sympathy
If you think you feel just like another person,
you are feelingempathy.
If you just feel sorry for another person,
you’re feeling sympathy.
Abused, Confused, & Misused Words by Mary Embree:
Empathy
= ability to imagine oneself in the condition of another;
= a vicarious participation in another’s emotions:
The widow expressed empathy for the woman who had just lost her
husband.
Not to be confused with:
= a deep sympathy for the sorrows of others,
= with an urge to alleviate their pain:
The nurse showed great compassion for the injured children.
sympathy = a general kinship with another’s feelings no matter of what kind:
He sent a sympathy card to the widow.
Dictionary.com:
MORE ABOUT EMPATHY
What does empathy mean?
Empathy is the ability or practice of imagining
or trying to deeply understand what someone else is feeling
or what it’s like to be in their situation.
Empathy is often described as the ability
to feel what others are feeling as if you are feeling it yourself.
To feel empathy for someone is to empathize.
People who do this are described as empathetic.
Some people use the word empathy interchangeably
or in overlapping ways with the word sympathy,
which generally means the sharing of emotions with someone else,
especially sadness.
However, others distinguish the two terms
by emphasizing the importance of having empathy for others
(feeling their pain)
as opposed to having sympathy for them (feeling sorry for them).
Example:
Having faced many of the same challenges,
Nyala has empathy for immigrants and what it feels like to go through those challenges.
Where does empathy come from?
The first records of the word empathy come from the late 1800s
from the context of psychology.
The word comes from a translation of the German term Einfühlung,
which literally means “a feeling in.”
It ultimately derives from the Greek empátheia,
meaning “affection” or “passion,”
from em-, meaning “in,” and path-, the base of a verb
meaning “to suffer.”
In contrast,the sym- in sympathy means “with” or “together.”
While having
sympathy for someone often means pitying them
or feeling bad for them,
having empathy is feeling or attempting to feel
and understand exactly how a person feels
and what it’s like to be them.
When you have empathy for someone,
you identify with them—as if you were them.
In other words,
empathy is the ability to feel and understand
what it’s like to be “in someone else’s shoes.”
Empathy usually involves showing kindness and having compassion
—the desire to do something to help a person and reduce their pain.
People described as empathetic or empathic
due to being very sensitive to the emotions of others
are sometimes called empathists or empaths.
A less common and more specific sense of empathy
refers to the process of projecting one’s feelings onto an object.
This is especially used in the context of art
to refer to artists embedding their emotions in their work
Dictionary.com:
MORE ABOUT SYMPATHY
What does sympathy mean?
Sympathy most commonly means
the sharing of emotions with someone else, especially sadness.
This is usually understood to mean that
you feel bad for them because they are in a negative situation.
Sympathy is sometimes used to mean compassion.
The plural form sympathies refers to
feelings of compassion, as in
We need to offer our sympathies for their loss,
or to support or loyalty, as in
The governor has earned the sympathies of the working class.
Sympathy is also sometimes
used in a general way to refer to agreement,
as in
Their political positions are largely in sympathy with each other.
Someone who has sympathy for someone or a cause
can be described as sympathetic.
To feel sympathy for someone is to sympathize with them.
Some people use the word sympathy interchangeably
or in overlapping ways with the word empathy,
which is the ability or practice of imagining or trying to
deeply understand what someone else is feeling
or what it’s like to be in their situation.
However, others distinguish the two terms
by emphasizing
the importance of having empathy for others (feeling their pain)
as opposed to having sympathy for them (feeling sorry for them).
Example:
I’ve experienced the same thing, so I have sympathy for them.
Where does sympathy come from?
The first records of the word sympathy come from the late 1500s.
It comes from the Greek sympátheia,
from sym-, “with,” and páth(os), “suffering.”
Sympathy can refer to the sharing of any emotion,
or even agreement in preferences or tastes.
But we usually use the word sympathy specifically
to mean the sharing of feelings of sadness with others.
When we give someone a card that expresses our condolences
after the death of a loved one, we call this a sympathy card.
We usually give these cards to people
when we didn’t know the person who died as well as they did
—we may feel sad because they’re sad,
but our level of grief does not match their own.
While having sympathy for someone
often means pitying them or feeling bad for them,
having empathy often means feeling or attempting to feel
and understand exactly how a person feels and what it’s like to be them.
Dictionary.com:
MORE ABOUT COMPASSION
What does compassion mean?
Compassion is a feeling of sympathy or pity for others,
especially one that makes you want to help them.
Compassion is sometimes used interchangeably with sympathy,
which most most commonly means
the sharing of emotions with someone else, especially sadness.
Both words are used in the context of
feeling sorry for people who are in negative situations.
But compassion is often understood
as a feeling that motivates you to help them.
The opposite of compassion
is often thought to be indifference or cold-heartedness.
Someone who has compassion for others
can be described as compassionate.
Being compassionate typically means
you care and you want to help.
Example:
We should treat people with compassion because that’s how we want to be treated.
Where does compassion come from?
The first records of the word compassion come from the 1300s.
It comes from the Late Latin compassiō, meaning “fellow feeling,” from compatī, “to suffer with.”
Compassion and sympathy are sometimes used to mean the same thing, and their roots mean the same things, too.
The pathy in sympathy and the passion in compassion
are both rooted in words that mean “to suffer,”
and the com- and sym- at the beginning of each word both mean “with.”
Compassion may involve sharing in someone’s suffering,
but the word most commonly refers to
a desire to end that suffering by helping in some way.
It’s often associated with other words related to caring about people,
such as kindness and empathy.
The phrase compassion fatigue refers to a kind of burnout
that can result from constantly having to care for others
or from being frequently faced with
things intended to produce compassion,
such as frequent requests for charitable donations.
Dictionary.com:
SYNONYM STUDY FOR SYMPATHY
Sympathy, Compassion, Pity, Empathy
all denote the tendency, practice, or capacity
to share in the feelings of others,
especially theirdistress, sorrow, or unfulfilled desires.
Sympathy is the broadest of these terms,
signifying a general kinship with another's feelings,
no matter of what kind:
in sympathy with her yearning for peace and freedom;
to extend sympathy to the bereaved.
Compassion implies a deep sympathy
for the sorrows or troubles of another coupled
to a powerful urge to alleviate the pain
or distress or to remove its source:
to show compassion for homeless refugees.
Pity usually suggests a kindly, but sometimes condescending,
sorrow aroused by the suffering or ill fortune of others,
often leading to a show of mercy:
tears of pity for war casualties;
to have pity on a thief driven by hunger.
Empathy most often refers to a vicarious participation
in the emotions, ideas, or opinions of others,
the ability to imagine oneself in the condition
or predicament of another:
empathy with those striving to improve their lives;
to feel empathy with Hamlet as one watches the play.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
Choose the Right Synonym for sympathy & compassion
Attraction, Affinity, Sympathy
mean the relationship existing between things or persons
that are naturallyor involuntarily drawn together.
Attractionimplies the possession by one thing of a quality hat pulls another to it.
felt an attraction to danger
Affinity implies a susceptibility or predisposition on the part of the one drawn.
an affinity for mathematics
Sympathy implies a reciprocal or natural relation between two things that are both susceptible to the same influence.
two minds in sympathy
Pity, Compassion, Commiseration, Condolence, Sympathy
mean the act or capacity for sharing the painful feelings of another.
Pityimplies tender or sometimes slightly contemptuous sorrow
for one in misery or distress.
felt pity for the captives
Compassion implies pity coupled with an urgent desire
to aid or to spare.
treats the homeless with great compassion
Commiserationsuggests pity expressed outwardly
in exclamations, tears, or words of comfort.
murmurs of commiseration filled the loser's headquarters
Condolenceapplies chiefly to formal expression of grief
to one who has suffered loss.
expressed their condolences to the widow
Sympathyoften suggests a tender concern
but can also imply a power to enter into another's emotional experience of any sort.
went to my best friend for sympathy
in sympathy with her desire to locate her natural parents
Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
Frequently Asked Questions About sympathy
What is the difference between sympathy and empathy?
Sympathy and empathy share a root, the Greek word pathos
(meaning "feelings, emotion"),
and likewise have some similarity in meaning.
Sympathy describes the act or capacity of sharing the feelings of another person;
empathy may indicate less emotional closeness
(understanding how another person may feel, without necessarily sharing their emotion).
What is the difference between sympathy and compassion?
While sympathy tends to refer to the act or capacity of sharing the feelings of another person,
compassion often refers to both an understanding of another’s pain
and the desire to somehow mitigate that pain.
What is the difference between sympathy and pity?
Pity often carries the meaning of tender or sometimes slightly contemptuous sorrow for one in misery or distress.
While sympathy often suggests a tender concern,
it also can imply a power to enter into another's emotional experience.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
Sympathy vs. Empathy
Sympathy and empathy are closely related words,
bound by shared origins and the similar circumstances
in which each is applicable, yet they are not synonymous.
For one thing, sympathy is considerably older than empathy,
having existed in our language for several hundred years
before its cousin was introduced,
and its greater age is reflected in a wider breadth of meaning.
Sympathy may refer to "feelings of loyalty"
or "unity or harmony in action or effect,"
meanings not shared by empathy.
In the contexts where the two words do overlap,
sympathy implies sharing (or having the capacity to share)
the feelings of another,
while empathy tends to be used to mean imagining,
or having the capacity to imagine, feelings that one does not actually have.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
What is the difference between empathy and compassion?
Some of our users are interested in
the difference between empathy and compassion.
Compassion is the broader word:
it refers to both an understanding of another’s pain
and the desire to somehow mitigate that pain:
Sometimes compassion is used
to refer broadly to sympathetic understanding:
In some cases,
compassion refers to both a feeling and the action
that stems from that feeling:
while empathy tends to be used just for a feeling:
Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
Words at Play
What's the difference between 'sympathy' and 'empathy'?
Though the words appear in similar contexts,
they have different meanings
What to Know
Sympathy, constructed from the Greek sym, meaning "together," and pathos, referring to feelings or emotion,
is used when one person shares the feelings of another,
as when one experiences sadness
when someone close is experiencing grief or loss.
Empathy is a newer word also related to "pathos."
It differs from sympathy in carrying
an implication of greater emotional distance.
With empathy, you can imagine or understand
how someone might feel, without necessarily having those feelings yourself.
What is the difference between empathy and sympathy?
For the most part, these two nouns are not used interchangeably,
but often we encounter them in contexts
where their nuance is diminished or perhaps not relevant,
providing no obvious indication why one was chosen over the other:
Sympathy vs. Empathy Difference
The difference in meaning is usually
explained with some variation of the following:
sympathy is when you share the feelings of another;
empathy is when you understand the feelings of another
but do not necessarily share them.
The nouns share a common root: the Greek noun pathos,
meaning "feelings, emotion, or passion."
Pathos itself refers to the evocation of pity or compassion
in a work of art or literature.
Sympathy is Sharing
Sympathy (from sympathēs, "having common feelings, sympathetic")
has several senses in the dictionary,
among them
"the act or capacity of entering into or sharing the feelings or interests of another."
When we hear of sympathy,
we tend to think of situations involving emotional pain:
When a friend grieves over the loss of a loved one,
you might send that friend a sympathy card.
The card says that you are feeling sad along with your friend
because your friend is grieving.
The sym- in sympathy means "together" or "at the same time"
and is the same Greek prefix that one finds
in synonym, symmetry, and symposium
(the last one originally being an occasion for getting together and drinking).
Empathy is Understanding
Empathy suggests the notion of projection.
You have empathy for a person when you can imagine
how they might feel based on what you know about that person,
despite not having those feelings explicitly communicated:
The sentiment behind empathy is often presented in the familiar idiom
"to put (oneself) in another's shoes."
History of Usage
A major difference between sympathy and empathy is
how long each has been around.
Compared to sympathy, which first appeared in English in the 16th century,
empathy is a relatively new coinage,
one originating from a relatively young science: psychology.
Empathy can be contrasted with sympathy
in terms of a kind of remove, or emotional distance:
Many writers, likely aware of the thinness of the distinction,
take pains to emphasize or explain
what makes their choice of sympathy or empathy the proper one:
Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
Words We Re-Learned
Empathy
A few of us at Merriam-Webster were privileged to attend TED2015,
where we enjoyed soaking up the heady atmosphere of creativity, breakthrough problem-solving, open-spiritedness, and generosity.
If you’re not familiar with TED, you can check it out
- some of this year's presentations are already online.
The goal of this piece is not to recap the talks.
We are not reporters; we are simply lovers of language,
and we wanted to share the delight and inspiration
we found in revisting the words that moved us.
This is admittedly a somewhat random list,
but we hope it gets you thinking as these words did for us.
We define empathy as
"the ability to share someone else's feelings or emotions,"
and it is the root of what it means to be human.
But it's also the basis of much important problem-solving.
For example,
having enough to eat but also having empathy for those who don't,
spurs scientists in first-world countries to solve issues of global food supply.
We also heard how empathy can help overcome
the increasingly prevalent problem of online bullying and harassment.
In the words of Monica Lewinsky, "shame cannot survive empathy."
Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
Words We Re-Learned
Compassion
Compassion is
"the feeling of wanting to help someone who is sick, hungry, or in trouble".
What starts with empathy moves to the realm of action through compassion.
We heard from speakers
who are using science, innovation, and inspiration to help people
in so many different situations:
from at-risk youth here in America to enslaved children in India,
from helping the blind to "see" to a new 3D printer
that harnesses light and oxygen to create objects up to 100 times faster than we do now.
Imagine this last being used to create made-to-order medical stents while a patient lies on the table.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
Words of the Week
The Words of the Week - Aug/21/20
'Empathy'
Empathy saw a surge in lookups last week, after the word was prominently featured in a speech by Michelle Obama.
Former first lady Michelle Obama delivered a blistering attack on
President Donald Trump in giving the keynote speech
of Monday’s opening night of Democrats’ virtual national convention, saying he has governed by “chaos”
while displaying an “utter lack of empathy.”
— Rick Pearson and Bill Ruthhart, Chicago Tribune, 17 Aug. 2020
Empathy is a fairly complex notion,
and the length of its definition reflects this complexity:
“the action of understanding, being aware of, being sensitive to,
and vicariously experiencing the feelings, thoughts,
and experience of another of either the past or present
without having the feelings, thoughts,
and experience fully communicated in an objectively explicit manner.
” One of the reasons people most often look for this word in a dictionary
is to find how it differs from sympathy and compassion.
Sympathy may refer to "feelings of loyalty"
or "unity or harmony in action or effect," meanings not shared by empathy.
In the contexts where the two words do overlap,
sympathy implies sharing (or having the capacity to share)
the feelings of another,
while empathy tends to be used to mean imagining,
or having the capacity to imagine, feelings
that one does not actually have.
Compassion is a broader word than empathy:
it refers to both
an understanding of another’s pain
and the desire to somehow mitigate that pain.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
Word of the year 2017
Empathy
While it didn't appear at the center of any major events this year,
empathy was nonetheless one of our top lookups throughout the year.
It was frequently used in articles criticizing Trump or Republicans
for their lack of empathy in their comments or proposed legislation,
and it was also discussed as one of the primary desired outcomes of the #MeToo campaign.
The largest event that drove it into the news happened in January,
when Asghar Farhadi, Iranian director of the Academy Awards' Best Foreign Language Film The Salesman,
refused to travel to the U.S. in protest of the Trump travel ban.
His statement ended with a powerful call to empathy
"between us and others, an empathy that we need today."
Empathy means “the ability to share another person’s feelings”
and ultimately derives from the Greek word meaning “emotional.”