2022-01-28
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน – Set - C - continual & continuous
แนะนำการใช้ ตามที่ส่วนใหญ่ใช้ แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจผันแปร ตาม ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com:
ออกเสียง continual = “kuhn-TIN-yoo-uhl”
ออกเสียง continuous = “kuhn-TIN-yoo-uhs”
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expressions:
continual & continuous
In some senses and uses, these words are synonymous.
One distinction is thatcontinual implies a close recurrence in time,
or rapid succession,
whereascontinuous suggests “without interruption,” “constant.”
“The continual ringing of the doorbell” and
“The ticking of the clock was continuous” illustrates this distinction.
Common Errors in English Usage Dictionary:
continual & continuous
“Continuous” refers to actions which are uninterrupted:
“My upstairs neighbor played his stereo continuously from 6:00 PM to 3:30 AM.”
Continual actions, however, need not be uninterrupted,
only repeated:
“My father continually urges me to get a job.”
Dictionary.com:
WORDS OFTEN CONFUSED WITH CONTINUAL
Although usage guides generally advise that
continual may be used only to mean “intermittent”
and continuous only to mean “uninterrupted,”
the words are used interchangeably in all kinds of speech and writing
with no distinction in meaning:
The president's life is under continual (or continuous ) scrutiny. Continuous (or continual ) bursts of laughter punctuated her testimony.
The adverbs continually and continuously
are also used interchangeably.
To make a clear distinction
between what occurs at short intervals
and what proceeds without interruption,
writers sometimes use the contrasting terms
intermittent ( intermittent losses of power during the storm ) and uninterrupted ( uninterrupted reception during the storm )
or similar expressions.
Continuous is not interchangeable with continual
in the sense of spatial relationship:
a continuous (not continual ) series of passages.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
Choose the Right Synonym for continual
Continual, Continuous, Constant, Incessant, Perpetual, Perennial
mean characterized by continued occurrence or recurrence.
Continual often implies a close prolonged succession or recurrence.
continual showers the whole weekend
Continuous usually implies an uninterrupted flow
or spatial extension.
football's oldest continuous rivalry
Constant implies uniform or persistent occurrence or recurrence.
lived in constant pain
Incessant implies ceaseless or uninterrupted activity.
annoyed by the incessant quarreling
Perpetual suggests unfailing repetition or lasting duration.
a land of perpetual snowfall
Perennial implies enduring existence often through constant renewal.
a perennial source of controversy
Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
Did you know?
Since the mid-19th century,
many grammarians have drawn a distinction between continual and continuous.
Continual should only mean
"occurring at regular intervals," they insist,
whereas continuous should be used to mean
"continuing without interruption."
This distinction overlooks the fact that
continual is the older word and was used with both meanings
for centuries before continuous appeared on the scene.
Today, continual is the more likely of the two to mean "recurring,"
but it also continues to be used,
as it has been since the 14th century,
with the meaning "continuing without interruption."
Collins COBUILD English Usage:
Constant– continual – continuous
You can use constant, continual, and continuous
to describe things that happen or exist without stopping.
1. 'constant'
You describe something as constant when it happens all the time
or never goes away.
He was in constant pain.
I'm getting tired of Eva's constant criticism.
2. 'continual' and 'continuous'
Continual is usually used to describe something
that happens often over a period of time.
If something is continuous,
it happens all the time without stopping, or seems to do so.
For example,
if you say 'There was continual rain', you mean that it rained often.
If you say 'There was continuous rain',
you mean that it did not stop raining.
Continual can only be used in front of a noun.
Don't use it after a verb.
Continuous can be used either in front of a noun or after a linking verb.
There have been continual demands to cut costs.
He still smoked despite the continual warnings of his nurse.
There was a continuous background noise.
Breathing should be slow and continuous.
If you are describing something undesirable
which continues to happen or exist without stopping,
it is better to use continual rather than continuous.
Life is a continual struggle.
She was in continual pain.
3. 'continual' or 'continuous'
If you are describing something undesirable
which continues to happen or exist without stopping,
it is better to use continual rather than continuous.
Life is a continual struggle.
It was sad to see her the victim of continual pain.
