2021-05-31 ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด – B – blame & fault

Revision B

2021-05-31

ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด – B – blame & fault

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Dictionary.com

ออกเสียง blame = ‘BLEYM’           

ออกเสียง fault = ‘FAWLT’

Dictionary.com

SYNONYM STUDY FOR BLAME

Blame, censure, condemn

imply findingfault with someone or something.

To blame is to hold accountable for, and disapprove

because of, some error, mistake, omission, neglect, or the like:

Whom do you blame for the disaster?

The verb censure differs from the noun

in connoting scolding or rebuking even more than adverse criticism:

to censure one for extravagance.

To condemn is to express an adverse (especially legal) judgment,

without recourse:

to condemn conduct, a building, a person to death.

SYNONYM STUDY FOR FAULT

Fault, failing, foible, weakness, vice

imply shortcomings orimperfections in a person.

Fault is the common word used to refer to

any of the average shortcomings of a person;

when it is used, condemnation is notnecessarily implied:

A quick temper is her greatest fault.

Foible, failing, weakness

all tend to excusethe person referred to.

Of these, foible is the mildest,

suggesting a weak point that is slight and often amusing,

manifesting itself in eccentricity rather than in wrongdoing:

the foibles of artists.

Weakness suggests that the person in question

is unableto control a particular impulse,

and gives way to self-indulgence:

a weakness for pretty women.

Failing is closely akin to fault,

except that it is particularly applied to humanityat large,

suggestingcommon, often venial, shortcomings:

Procrastination and making excuses are common failings.

Vice (which may also apply to a sin in itself, apart from a person:

the vice of gambling ) is the strongest term,

and designates a habit that is truly detrimental or evil.

Dictionary.com

USAGE NOTE FOR BLAME

Some speakers avoid blame on asinformal

(He blamed the fight on me),

preferring blame alone(He blamed me) or

blame for (He blamed me for it).

Since all three forms occur with equal frequency

in educated usage, they may all be considered equally acceptable.

Dictionary.com

VOCAB BUILDER

What does blame mean?

To blame someone for something

is to hold them responsiblefor something negative that happened.

In other words,

to blame them is to say or believe

that they did it or that it happenedbecause of them.

A person can be blamed fora crime

—meaning that they are being accused of having committed it.

Blame can be used in much less serious contexts

—you can blame someone for eating the last cookie, for example.

In general, we blame things on people and we blame people for things.

For example,

in the event of a car accident,

we could say that one driver is blaming the other for the accident,

or that one driver is blaming the accident on the other driver.

When someone is blamed for something,

it doesn’t mean they are guilty of it

—it simply means they are being accusedof being guilty of it.

The word blame can also be used as a noun

referring to the responsibility for something negativethat happened.

This is how the word is used in the phrase assign blame.

As a noun, blame can also mean the disapproval, condemnation,

or criticism for something bad that happened,

as in: He deserves most of the blame for the loss.

It’s usually people who are blamed when bad things happen,

but sometimes it’s a thing,

as in: The power company blamed the outage on the storm.

The word blame is always used

in the context of something bad that happened

—you don’t blame someone forsomething good.

(However, the word can be used in an ironic way,

as in Everyone thinks I became famous all by myself, but I blame all of the people who supported me.)

To blame yourself is to believe that

you were responsible for something badthat happened.

The phrase to blame can mean responsible or at fault,

as in: It’s hard to tell who’s to blame in this situation.

Example:

My brother blamed the dog for knocking over the lamp, but my parents knew who was to blame.

Where does blame come from?

The first records of the word blame come from the 1100s.

It comes from the Late Latin blasphēmāre,

meaning “to blaspheme”

(“to speak in a disrespectful way about God or other things considered sacred”).

Blame appears in many different words and expressions.

Someone who deserves blame can be described as blameworthy

(or, less commonly, blameful).

Someone who is blameless

is someone who hasn’t done anything wrong

—they haven’t done anything to be blamed for.

The informal term blame game refers to

a situation in which people try to blameeach other

for something bad happening,

as in: Let’s not play the blame game and try to make someone the scapegoat for all of this.

The slangverb blamestorm is modeled on the verb brainstorm

and means to engage in a process of deciding whom to assign blame to.

Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary

blam′er, n.

usage:

Blame on (They blamed the fight on me), blame alone

(They blamed me), and blame for (They blamed me for it)

all occur in educated usage and are all acceptable.

Blame on is, however, considered informal by some commentators.

Collins COBUILD English Usage

Blame – fault

1. 'blame' used as a verb

If you blame someone for something bad that has happened,

you think that they made it happen.

Police blamed the bus driver for the accident.

Don't blame me!

You can blame something on someone.

Maya blames all her problems on her parents.

2. 'to blame'

If someone is to blame for something bad that has happened,

they caused it.

I knew I was partly to blame for the failure of the project.

The study found that schools are not to blame

for the laziness of their pupils.

3. 'fault'

Don't say that something is someone's 'blame'.

You say that it is their fault.

This was all Jack's fault.

It's not our fault if the machine breaks down.

4. 'at fault'

You can say that someone is at fault.

The other driver was at fault.

Be Careful!
Don't say that someone is 'in fault'.

Merriam-Webster Dictionary

Is it blame onor blame for?: Usage Guide

Verb

Use of blame in sense 2b with on

has occasionally been disparaged as wrong.

Such disparagement is without basis;

blame on occurs asfrequently in carefully edited prose as blame for.

Both are standard.

Merriam-Webster Dictionary

Illustration of fault

Noun

fault 4:

1 fault with displaced strata a, b, c, d, e;

2 scarp

In the meaning defined above

Merriam-Webster Dictionary

Choose the Right Synonym for fault

Noun

FAULT, FAILING, FRAILTY, FOIBLE, VICE

mean an imperfectionor weakness of character.

FAULT implies a failure, not necessarily culpable,

to reach some standard of perfection in disposition, action, or habit.

a writer of many virtues and few faults

FAILING suggests a minor shortcoming in character.

being late is a failing of mine

FRAILTY implies a general or chronic proneness to yield to temptation.

human frailties

FOIBLE applies to a harmless or endearing weakness or idiosyncrasy.

an eccentric's charming foibles

VICE can be a general term for any imperfection or weakness,

but it often suggests violation of a moral code or the giving of offense to the moral sensibilities of others.

compulsive gambling was his vice

Merriam-Webster Dictionary

Fault noun

Legal Definition of fault

a usually intentional act forbidden by law

also: a usually intentional omission to do something

(as to exercise due care) required by law

NOTE: Sometimes when fault is used in legal contexts

it includes negligence,

sometimes it is considered synonymouswith negligence,

and sometimes it is distinguished from negligence.

Fault and negligence are the usual bases for liability in the law of torts.

American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language,

Fault (fôlt)

A crack in a rock mass along which there has been movement.

The rock on one side of the crack moves relative to the rock on the other side of the crack.

Faults are caused by plate-tectonic forces.

See Note at earthquake.

Did You Know?

Bedrock is often cracked along surfaces known as planes.

In some places the cracks extend only a tiny distance;

in others they can run for hundreds of miles.

When the rocks separated by a crack move past each other,

the cracks are known as faults.

The rocks move because they are pushed or pulled

by the forces of plate tectonics.

This movement often occurs in sudden jerks known as earthquakes.

Geologists study faults to learn the history of the forces that have acted on rocks.

Normal faults occur when rocks are being pulled apart.

In this case,

the rocks above the fault plane are moving down

relative to the rocks below it.

When rocks are pushed together,

the opposite happens—the rocks above the plane move upward

relative to the rocks below the plane;

these types of faults are called reverse faults.

Strike-slip faults occur

when rocks slide past each other;

rocks on either side of the crack slide parallel to

the fault plane between them.

Transform faults are a special category of strike-slip faults

in which the crack is actually part of a boundary

between two enormous tectonic plates.

This is the nature of the famous San Andreas Fault in California.

THE AMERICAN HERITAGE® SCIENCE DICTIONARY

fault

A CLOSER LOOK

Bedrock, the solid rock just below the soil,

is often cracked along surfaces known as planes.

Cracks can extend up to hundreds of kilometers in length.

When tensional and compressional stresses

cause rocks separated by a crack

to move pasteach other, the crack is known as a fault.

Faults can be horizontal, vertical, or oblique.

The movement can occur in the sudden jerks known as earthquakes.

Normal faults,or tensional faults,

occur when the rocks above the fault plane move down

relative to the rocks below it, pulling the rocks apart.

Where there iscompression and folding,

such as: in mountainous regions,

the rocks above the plane move upward

relative to the rocks below the plane;

these are called reverse faults.

Strike-slip faults occur

when shearing stress causes rocks on either side of the crack

to slide parallel tothe fault plane between them.

Transform faults are strike-slip faults

in which the crack is part of a boundary between two tectonic plates.

A well-known example is the San Andreas Fault in California.

Geologists use sightings of displaced outcroppings

to infer the presence of faults,

and they study faults to learn the history of the forces that have acted on rocks.

Dictionary of Problem Words in English

Blame it on me& blame me for it       

When a preposition is needed with theverb blame,

standard idiomatic usage requires for:

“She blamed me for the accident,” not “She blamed the accident on me.”

The construction “blame on” (Blame this situation on your employee)

is becoming acceptable,

although formal usage would stipulate

“Blame your employee for . . .” or “Place the blame on . . . .”