2021-05-28 ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด – B – bear & borne & born
2021-05-28
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด – B – bear & borne & born
แนะนำการใช้ ตามที่ส่วนใหญ่ใช้ แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจผันแปร ตาม ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
**Please see GTK#690630 for details about BEAR
Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง bear = ‘BAIR’
ออกเสียง borne = ‘BAWRN’ or ‘BOHRN’
ออกเสียง born = ‘BAWRN’
Dictionary.com
WORDS OFTEN CONFUSED WITH BORN
Since the latter part of the 18th century,
a distinction has been made between born and borne
as past participles of the verb bear.
Borne is the past participle in all senses
that do not referto physical birth:
The wheatfields have borne abundantly this year.
Judges have always borne a burden of responsibility.
Borne is also the participle
when the sense is“to bring forth (young)”
and the focus is on the mother rather than on the child.
In such cases,
borne is preceded by a form of have or followed by by:
Anna had borne a son the previous year.
Two children borne by her earlier were already grown.
When the focus is onthe offspring
or on something brought forth as if by birth,
born is the standard spelling,
and it occurs only in passive constructions:
My friend was born in Ohio.
No children have been born at the South Pole.
A strange desire was born of the tragic experience.
Born is also an adjective
meaning “by birth,” “innate,” or “native”:
born free;
a born troublemaker;
Mexican-born.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Usage Notes
On 'Born' and 'Borne'
One vowel can mean a big difference
What to Know
Both born and borne areforms of bear.
Born is commonly used with the sense of bear
meaning "to give birth."
Borne isused in reference to carrying something
(physically or figuratively),
as a combining form withwords like air,
and, occasionally, in the "give birth to" sense.
When sorting out the difference between born and borne,
one confusing wrinkle isthat both words originate from the same source:
both are past tenseforms of the verb bear.
So how are they used differently?
Born isthe common past-tense form of the verb
meaning "to give birth." It is often used in the passive voice:
She was born in a log cabin in March of 1817.
A lot of good ideas are born outside the workplace.
a movement born during the Renaissance
a law born out of necessity
sea-born breezes
The participlecan also be an adjective
meaning "originating from birth":
My cousin is a born entertainer.
a Kansas-born writer
It is said bymany that borne is used for all other senses of bear
apart from thatreferring to giving birth.
This is for the most part true.
Crucially, borne isused for those instances
that refer to carrying something, especially figuratively
(like an idea or burden):
There are several reasons for the current uprising
that must be borne in mind in order to figure out where to go from here.
— Ahmed Zewali, The New York Times, 2 Feb. 2011
The report also examined the salmon farming industry in Canada, Norway and Chile, the other biggest global producers.
It found that of the costs associated with fish farming,
about 60% were borne by the producers,
especially in the form of fish mortality and the cost of treating sea lice,
but about 40% of the costs were borne by wider society,
for instance in pollution, loss of fish populations and the impacts on the climate crisis.
— Fiona Harvey, The Guardian, 11 Feb. 2021
Udall said one big reason for the drop was that many parents of the youngest children, seeing what was happening with the virus, simply decided to keep them home an extra year.
That is borne out by figures from the Department of Education:
Of the more than 55,700 decline in children in public schools last year, close to 30 percent was in preschool and kindergarten programs.
— Howard Fischer, East Valley Tribune, 13 Apr. 2021
Borne isalso frequently seen as a combining form
to describe something that is carried or transmitted
(as by a vehicle or insect):
keep your seatbelt fastened when we are airborne
illnesses caused by water-borne bacteria
wind-borne pollen
mosquito-borne diseases
However, it isalso true that the spelling borne
sees occasional use inthe passive voice in the "to give birth to" sense:
Is that weird for you, for a project borne of such personal trauma to emerge into a world that’s so hungry for these kinds of stories?
— Julia Felsenthal, Vogue, 17 May 2017
As well as the active past participle:
Remarkably, Jackson supposedly made the comment that Peggy was
“as chaste as a virgin!”, quite an accomplishment for a woman who had borne three children and had been married twice.
— The Knoxville Focus, 11 Aug. 2013
Dictionary of Problem Words in English
Bear & borne& born
Bear hasnumerous meanings,
one of which has to dowith procreation:
carrying and givingbirth to something or someone.
In this sense, the past participle borne
isthe correct form for all active constructions
and for passive constructions followed byby:
“Ten children have been borne by Mrs. James.”
“Mrs. James has borne ten children.”
Born, also a past participle, is the correct form
for all other passive constructions dealing with birth:
“One of Mrs. James children was born in Singapore.”
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